How to Read a Paper Efficiently (By Prof. Pete Carr)

Surviving and Thriving in Higher Education
5 Jun 201607:40

Summary

TLDR教授Pete Carr分享了他38年在明尼苏达大学指导研究生的经验,并提出了一种高效的阅读科学论文的方法。他强调不要从头到尾按顺序阅读,而是应先浏览关键词、摘要和结论来判断论文是否值得深入阅读。他还建议查看图表和数据,阅读引言以获取背景信息,最后深入结果和讨论部分。Carr教授还提倡在阅读后做笔记,以便将来回顾和应用于自己的研究工作。

Takeaways

  • 📚 阅读科学论文前,应先快速浏览以判断其是否值得深入阅读。
  • 🔍 利用关键词服务可以帮助你根据兴趣筛选相关论文。
  • 📈 摘要是了解论文的最重要部分,应优先阅读。
  • 🎯 跳过中间部分,直接查看结论,以快速判断论文的相关性。
  • 📊 观察表格、图形和标题可以快速了解研究的主要发现。
  • 📖 如果决定深入阅读,从引言开始,以获取必要的背景信息。
  • 🔍 引言部分解释了研究的动机和目的。
  • 🌟 结果与讨论部分是论文的核心,应投入大部分时间阅读。
  • 🔧 如果论文极其相关,深入研究实验部分以了解具体的操作和方法。
  • 📝 阅读完论文后,建立笔记系统,记录关键信息,便于将来参考。
  • 🃏 笔记应便于检索和回顾,而不是仅在PDF上做标记。

Q & A

  • 教授Pete Carr在明尼苏达大学工作了多少年?

    -大约38年。

  • 教授Pete Carr认为初学者阅读科学论文的常见错误是什么?

    -按照论文印刷的顺序从开始到结束阅读。

  • 为什么教授Pete Carr建议不要一开始就细读整篇文章?

    -因为这样效率不高,应该先判断文章是否值得投入大量时间。

  • 阅读论文的第一阶段应该关注哪些部分?

    -关键词、标题、摘要和结论。

  • 在第一阶段,如果结论与读者不相关,应该怎么办?

    -如果结论不相关,那么可能不需要继续阅读该论文。

  • 教授Pete Carr建议在决定深入阅读论文之前应该查看什么?

    -查看表格、图形和标题,这有助于快速了解研究的主要发现。

  • 深入阅读论文应该从哪个部分开始?

    -应该从引言部分开始,以获取必要的背景信息和研究动机。

  • 论文的哪个部分是读者应该花费大部分时间的?

    -结果和讨论部分。

  • 如果论文非常相关,读者应该深入研究哪个部分?

    -实验部分的细节。

  • 教授Pete Carr为什么建议在阅读完论文后做笔记?

    -做笔记有助于将来回顾和写作自己的论文时节省时间,并决定哪些论文需要重读或作为参考文献。

  • 教授Pete Carr推荐将笔记保存在哪里?

    -推荐将笔记保存在便于快速查阅的地方,如笔记本或索引卡,而不是直接写在PDF上。

  • 为什么教授Pete Carr强调记笔记的重要性?

    -记笔记有助于长期记忆和信息回顾,因为记忆中的模糊笔记比最佳记忆更为可靠。

Outlines

00:00

📚 如何高效阅读科学论文

本段主要介绍了如何高效地阅读科学论文的方法。教授Pete Carr分享了他的经验,建议读者不要按照论文的顺序阅读,而是采用两阶段法:第一阶段是浏览论文,判断其是否值得深入阅读;第二阶段是深入阅读,理解论文的主要内容和结论。教授强调了摘要、图表和结论的重要性,并建议读者在阅读后做笔记,以便将来回顾和应用。

05:01

📝 阅读后做笔记的重要性

这一部分强调了在阅读完科学论文后做笔记的重要性。教授建议读者发展一套系统,记录下阅读时的笔记和心得。这些笔记虽然可能不会立即有用,但在将来撰写自己的论文时会非常有帮助。教授提倡将笔记记录在便于查阅的地方,如笔记本或索引卡,而不是直接在PDF上做标记,以便于长期保存和回顾。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡阅读论文

阅读论文是指对学术文章进行理解和分析的过程。在视频中,教授强调了阅读论文的重要性,以及如何高效地从论文中获取信息。教授提到,阅读论文应该分为两个阶段:首先是快速浏览以判断论文是否值得深入阅读,其次是深入阅读以获取详细信息。

💡科学论文结构

科学论文结构是指科学文章通常遵循的组织方式,包括标题、摘要、引言、结果、讨论和实验部分等。视频中提到,大多数初学者会按照这种结构顺序阅读,但教授建议采用更高效的方法。

💡摘要

摘要是科学论文中非常关键的部分,它概括了整篇文章的主要内容和研究成果。在视频中,教授强调摘要是了解论文的第一步,通过摘要可以快速判断论文的主要内容和相关性。

💡结论

结论部分是论文中总结研究结果和发现的部分,它对于理解整篇文章的意义至关重要。视频中提到,在快速浏览论文时,应该直接查看结论部分,以判断论文的研究结果是否对自己有用。

💡图表和表格

图表和表格是论文中用于展示数据和研究结果的重要元素。它们可以帮助读者快速理解研究的主要发现和趋势。在视频中,教授提到,通过查看图表和表格可以迅速把握研究的关键信息。

💡引言

引言是科学论文的开头部分,用于介绍研究背景、目的和重要性。视频中,教授指出引言可以帮助读者了解研究的背景信息和研究动机,是深入阅读论文的起点。

💡结果与讨论

结果与讨论是科学论文中的核心部分,详细记录了研究的数据结果和对这些结果的分析讨论。这部分内容对于理解研究的深度和广度至关重要。

💡实验部分

实验部分详细描述了研究的实施方法、使用的材料和设备以及进行的实验步骤。这部分对于复制研究或在自己的工作中应用类似方法非常重要。

💡笔记

笔记是在阅读论文过程中记录下来的关键信息和个人思考。视频中,教授建议在阅读论文后做笔记,这有助于将来回顾和引用,以及在自己的研究中使用。

💡研究效率

研究效率是指在进行学术研究时,如何以最少的时间和精力获取最大量的有效信息。视频中,教授分享的阅读论文的方法旨在提高研究效率,帮助学生和研究人员更好地管理他们的学术阅读。

💡学术写作

学术写作是指在学术领域内撰写文章、报告和其他文档的过程。它要求作者遵循一定的格式和标准,清晰、准确地表达研究成果和观点。视频中,教授提到了学术写作的一些方面,如论文结构和写作过程。

Highlights

教授Pete Carr在明尼苏达大学工作了大约38年

与许多研究生在课堂和研究实验室中合作

教授认为与学生合作有助于教他们如何阅读科学论文

科学论文的典型结构和阅读顺序

不要按顺序阅读论文,这并非有效利用时间

阅读论文应该是一个两阶段过程

第一阶段是浏览论文,判断其是否值得投入大量时间

通过关键词服务来跟踪最新文献

首先看关键词和论文标题,如果不感兴趣就停止阅读

接下来看摘要,这是了解论文最重要的部分

然后跳到结论部分,而不是阅读中间步骤

查看图表和图例可以快速了解研究主要内容

如果决定深入阅读,从引言部分开始

引言提供背景信息和研究动机

论文的核心是结果和讨论部分

深入研究实验部分,了解作者的具体操作和方法

阅读完论文后,建立笔记系统,记录关键信息

笔记应便于访问,例如使用索引卡,而非直接写在PDF上

阅读或浏览论文可能只需30秒,或需数小时甚至一整天

这是一项必须学会的技能,对研究生和研究科学家的生产力至关重要

Transcripts

00:00

you

00:19

hi I'm professor Pete Carr I'm been at

00:25

the University of Minnesota for about

00:27

thirty-eight years I've worked with many

00:29

many graduate students in class and in

00:32

my research lab and I find it useful to

00:35

work with students um to teach them how

00:40

to read a paper on this first slide that

00:43

I want to show you is an outline of of

00:46

the way a typical scientific paper is

00:50

organized and I think most beginning

00:53

students instinctively start reading a

00:57

paper in in order as the paper is

01:01

printed for instance they read the title

01:04

then they go on to the abstract then

01:06

they read the introduction and so on and

01:09

so forth

01:10

working their way from the beginning to

01:12

the end of the article don't do this

01:15

this is not a good use of your time

01:18

there's a better way to do things which

01:22

is what I'm going to tell you about

01:24

today let me jump in here at this point

01:26

and tell you about a fairly simple

01:29

algorithm if you will about how to get

01:32

the most out of a paper with with the

01:35

least effort and I think to do this you

01:38

have to think of reading a paper as a

01:40

two-phase process in the first phase

01:44

you're surveying the paper the article

01:47

to see if it's really worth investing a

01:50

lot of time in and this is the way you

01:53

you keep up with what's going on in in

01:57

the literature you'll probably have some

02:00

sort of service that provides you with

02:02

with papers based upon keywords which

02:07

are by and large taken from the abstract

02:10

of of the paper off so the first step

02:16

to keep more first thing to keep in mind

02:18

is that you're allowed to stop this

02:20

process at any point when you become

02:23

disinterested in going further next you

02:28

will look undoubtedly at the key words

02:30

and and the title of the paper if these

02:34

don't interest you at all you stop next

02:38

thing to look at really is the abstract

02:41

it's the most important part of the

02:44

paper for getting acquainted with the

02:46

paper but next I think you want to jump

02:49

to the conclusions you don't read the

02:51

intermediate steps you don't look at the

02:54

experimental and the introduction and

02:56

the results and discussion look at the

02:59

conclusions because if the conclusions

03:01

are not relevant to you

03:02

probably you don't want to go any

03:04

further so that this basically at this

03:08

point you've surveyed the paper and you

03:10

know whether or not it's really worth

03:12

your while to invest any time on it the

03:16

next thing that I think it's best to do

03:19

again because it's fairly fast is to

03:22

take a good look at the tables and the

03:26

figures and the captions because you can

03:29

do this quickly and it will tell you the

03:31

main things that went on when the when

03:35

the scientists did their work and again

03:37

it will help you decide do I really want

03:40

to dig into this paper or not if that's

03:44

the case and you want to dig in then the

03:47

place to start is the introduction and

03:50

this unit have to start reading

03:51

seriously and the introduction will

03:55

provide you with essential background

03:57

information that's one of the roles of

04:00

the introduction another role of the

04:03

introduction is to let you know why the

04:06

authors of the paper did did the

04:08

particular study and I think these are

04:11

important things for you to know before

04:14

digging in the real heart of a paper is

04:19

the results and discussion section of

04:21

the paper here's where you're going to

04:23

spend most of your time and going

04:26

through the paper finally

04:29

at this point you may decide to stop

04:31

you've had enough but if the paper is

04:34

really extremely relevant to what you

04:36

are currently working on then it's time

04:39

to dig very deeply and get into the

04:43

details of the experimental section of

04:45

the paper and this is where you really

04:48

learn what the authors actually did but

04:51

more importantly it's how you it's where

04:55

you learn how they did things and you

04:58

may need that level of detail in your

05:01

own work um once once you've done

05:05

reading the paper uh you can you can

05:10

stop however I think it's a really good

05:13

idea to develop some kind of system

05:16

where you take some notes on the paper

05:19

these notes aren't going to serve you

05:22

any good next week or maybe even next

05:25

month but down the road maybe when you

05:28

start to write your own first paper

05:31

having some notes on these papers that

05:34

you've read will be very beneficial and

05:37

will really save you a lot of time it'll

05:39

tell you which papers you should reread

05:42

before you start writing which papers

05:45

you don't need to include in as

05:49

references in your own manuscript

05:52

because they're not relevant so taking

05:55

some notes when you can as you finish

05:57

reading a paper is a really good idea

06:00

and and these notes should be in a

06:02

notebook or in some system and not

06:05

simply written on the PDF of the paper

06:10

because that you can't collect those

06:12

those notes very easily you want these

06:14

notes readily accessible for instance on

06:17

an index card or a bunch of index cards

06:20

so that you can flip through them

06:21

quickly and take a look at all the all

06:24

the relevant papers there's an old

06:27

saying

06:28

I think it's Chinese in origin that the

06:31

faintest writing is better than the best

06:35

memory and in the course of my time

06:39

involved in science I am here to

06:43

tell you that's that old saying is

06:45

really right these are the main things I

06:48

wanted to leave you with reading a paper

06:52

or surveying a paper may take 30 seconds

06:55

or if it's really relevant it may take

06:58

several days several hours or even the

07:01

major part of a day to go through the

07:03

entire manuscript and really come to

07:05

grips with it that's that's about all I

07:09

can tell you it's a it's a skill that

07:11

has to be learned to be productive in

07:15

graduate school and productive as a

07:17

research scientist

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Связанные теги
科研技巧论文阅读学术效率研究方法信息筛选学习策略知识管理学术成长时间投资科研经验
Вам нужно реферат на русском языке?