True Facts: Pigeons Are Tricking You

Ze Frank
16 May 202411:50

Summary

TLDRThis episode explores the fascinating world of pigeons, debunking myths about their intelligence and behavior. From their unique head-bobbing motion, which stabilizes their vision, to their complex courtship rituals, pigeons reveal a level of sophistication often overlooked. The script delves into their impressive visual cognitive abilities, including pattern recognition and even discerning art quality. Pigeons' navigation skills, possibly aided by a magnetic sense, are highlighted, showcasing their ability to return home from great distances. The episode is both educational and humorous, challenging preconceived notions and celebrating the pigeon's remarkable capabilities.

Takeaways

  • 🐦 Pigeons have a unique head movement known as a 'thrust and stop' which is related to their vision, allowing them to keep the world still as their body moves.
  • 👀 The forward and backward motion of a pigeon's head is an adaptation to their visual system, similar to how humans scroll and pause to focus on images.
  • 🏃‍♂️ Pigeons don't bob their heads when on a treadmill moving at the same speed as they walk because their surroundings appear still to them.
  • 💃 Pigeons display intricate courtship rituals that include head bowing, tail fanning, and even exchanging food, which can be a sign of reconnection for mated pairs.
  • 🏡 Pigeon nests, despite appearing messy, serve a purpose for these cliff-dwelling birds, primarily to prevent eggs from rolling away.
  • 👶 Pigeon parents are attentive, taking turns to sit on the nest and keeping it warm for their young, who stay in the nest for up to a month before fledging.
  • 🧠 Pigeons possess sophisticated visual cognitive abilities, with a brain density of neurons more than twice that of humans and highly sensitive areas in their eyes.
  • 🌐 Pigeons have an extensive field of vision of 340 degrees, which aids in their navigation, especially when falcons are chasing them.
  • 🧭 They are theorized to navigate using magnetoreception, with molecules in their eyes interacting with the Earth's magnetic field, allowing them to orient themselves day or night.
  • 🎨 Pigeons can be trained to recognize and respond to visual patterns and differences, even distinguishing between real words and nonsense words they've never seen before.
  • 🚫 Pigeons have been shown to have a sophisticated understanding of visual stimuli, debunking the notion that they are mindless creatures.

Q & A

  • What is the main illusion about pigeons' head movement that was discovered in the 1960s?

    -The illusion that pigeons' heads bob up and down was discovered to be a thrust and stop motion in the 1960s. The head moves forward first and then remains still while the body catches up.

  • How does the pigeon's head movement relate to human vision and the way we scroll through content on the internet?

    -Pigeons' head movement is similar to the 'scroll and pause' method humans use when browsing the internet. Just like our eyes need a moment to recover between images to maintain focus, pigeons move their heads to stabilize their vision.

  • What is the significance of the pigeon's head-bobbing motion in terms of their vision?

    -The head-bobbing motion helps pigeons stabilize their vision, allowing them to focus on objects without blur as their head moves in relation to their body.

  • Why do pigeons often mate for life, and what does this imply about their social behavior?

    -Pigeons often mate for life, indicating a level of social bonding and recognition among individuals. This means that many pigeons in a flock likely know each other and engage in mating rituals as a form of social interaction.

  • What role do the pigeons' courtship displays play in their relationship besides leading up to mating?

    -Besides leading up to mating, pigeons' courtship displays are used to reconnect with their partners. These displays can be quite endearing and involve behaviors like wrapping wings around each other.

  • What is the primary purpose of a pigeon nest according to the script, and how does it relate to the natural habitat of rock doves?

    -The primary purpose of a pigeon nest is to ensure that the eggs do not roll away, as rock doves, which are cliff dwellers, do not need to build sturdy nests for trees like other birds.

  • How do pigeon parents care for their eggs and young ones in the nest?

    -Pigeon parents take turns sitting on the nest and almost never leave it unattended, showing a high level of commitment and seriousness towards their offspring.

  • What is the average duration a pigeon stays in the nest after hatching, and what is its appearance when it leaves?

    -A pigeon stays in the nest for up to a month after hatching. By the time it leaves the nest and flies away, it looks fully grown.

  • How do pigeons demonstrate sophisticated visual cognitive abilities, and what are some examples from the script?

    -Pigeons show sophisticated visual cognitive abilities through pattern recognition, understanding real words versus nonsense, and even discerning good children's art from bad. They can also remember patterns even after the shapes get covered up.

  • What is the estimated accuracy level of pigeons in identifying patterns in images they have never seen before, and how does this compare to AI capabilities?

    -Pigeons have an estimated accuracy level of 85 to 90% in identifying patterns in images they have never seen before, which is considered to be on some AI level in terms of sophistication.

  • How do pigeons navigate and find their way back home from distances up to 40 miles away, and what theory is suggested in the script?

    -Pigeons are believed to navigate by creating little molecules in their eyes that interact with Earth's magnetic field, allowing them to see the magnetic field and find their way back home day or night.

Outlines

00:00

🐦 Pigeon Perception and Courtship Rituals

This paragraph explores the common misconceptions about pigeons and delves into their unique vision and courtship behaviors. It clarifies that pigeons' head bobbing is not a sign of a malfunction but a visual adaptation to stabilize their surroundings while moving, similar to how humans scroll and pause to focus. The section also humorously discusses pigeon mating rituals, which involve a series of gestures that may appear aggressive but are actually part of a complex courtship dance. The paragraph highlights the pigeon's ability to mate for life and engage in displays to reconnect, emphasizing their social and emotional connections.

05:02

🏡 Pigeon Nesting Habits and Parental Care

This section of the script addresses the misconceptions about pigeon nests, explaining that their simple construction is a reflection of their cliff-dwelling ancestors' needs rather than a lack of skill. It emphasizes the importance of the nest in preventing eggs from rolling away, contrasting it with the nest-building practices of other birds like the white tern. The paragraph also discusses the parental care pigeons provide, taking turns to incubate the eggs and rarely leaving the nest unattended, demonstrating their dedication to their offspring. Additionally, it touches on the development of pigeon chicks, who stay in the nest for an extended period before leaving as seemingly mature birds.

10:03

🧠 Pigeon Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities

This paragraph uncovers the sophisticated cognitive abilities of pigeons, challenging the view that they are unintelligent. It describes various experiments that demonstrate pigeons' problem-solving skills, such as using a stool to reach a banana and engaging in video dating scenarios to study courtship behavior. The script also discusses pigeons' visual pattern recognition, their ability to discern real words from nonsense, and their capacity to evaluate children's art based on realism. Furthermore, it highlights the pigeon's impressive visual acuity, with a 340-degree field of vision and highly sensitive areas in their eyes, which contribute to their remarkable homing abilities. The paragraph concludes by suggesting that pigeons' brains, despite being the size of a walnut, are densely packed with neurons, reflecting their advanced cognitive processing capabilities.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Pigeon

Pigeons are domesticated birds that are often associated with urban environments. In the video, they are portrayed as intelligent creatures with complex behaviors and visual abilities. The script discusses various aspects of pigeon life, including their unique head-bobbing movement, courtship rituals, and impressive navigation skills.

💡Head Bobbing

Head bobbing is a distinctive motion exhibited by pigeons, which was once thought to be a bob but is actually a 'thrust and stop' movement. This behavior is related to their vision, allowing them to focus on objects as their body moves. The script uses the head bobbing as an analogy to explain human eye movement and the need for light receptors to recover between images.

💡Courtship

Courtship in pigeons involves a series of gestures and behaviors performed by males to attract females. The script describes this process, including head bowing, tail fanning, and food regurgitation, which are all part of a mating ritual. This concept is central to the video's exploration of pigeon behavior and social interactions.

💡Nesting

Nesting refers to the construction of a nest by pigeons for laying and incubating eggs. The video discusses the misconceptions about pigeon nests and explains that their simple structure is adapted to their natural cliff-dwelling habitat. The script also highlights the dedication of pigeon parents to their nests and offspring.

💡Visual Acuity

Visual acuity is the sharpness or clarity of vision, and the script reveals that pigeons have a high level of visual acuity. They have a wider field of vision and more sensitive areas in their eyes compared to humans, which aids in tasks such as navigation and pattern recognition. The video uses this concept to challenge the common underestimation of pigeon intelligence.

💡Pattern Recognition

Pattern recognition is the ability to identify regularities or patterns in visual information. The script describes experiments where pigeons were able to discern between real words and nonsense words, as well as differentiate between images of breast cancer and non-cancerous tissue. This showcases the pigeon's advanced cognitive abilities.

💡Navigation

Navigation is the process of determining one's position and planning a route to a destination. The video suggests that pigeons have an innate sense of navigation, being able to return home from unfamiliar locations. It mentions a theory that pigeons may use magnetoreception, sensing the Earth's magnetic field, to aid in their navigation.

💡Magnetoreception

Magnetoreception is the ability to sense magnetic fields. The script presents a theory that pigeons create molecules in their eyes that interact with the Earth's magnetic field, allowing them to 'see' it. This ability is hypothesized to assist in their remarkable homing abilities.

💡Cognitive Abilities

Cognitive abilities refer to the mental capacities for processing information, such as learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. The video emphasizes that pigeons possess sophisticated cognitive abilities, as evidenced by their pattern recognition skills, problem-solving in experiments, and complex social behaviors.

💡Sponsorship

Sponsorship in the context of the video refers to the support provided by Curiosity Stream, a streaming service that offers documentaries and educational content. The script promotes Curiosity Stream as a valuable resource for a wide range of interesting topics, including the science and behavior of animals like pigeons.

💡Experimentation

Experimentation is the process of conducting scientific tests or trials to discover how things work or to test a hypothesis. The script describes various experiments involving pigeons, such as their response to images on a screen, their ability to recognize words, and their reaction to different bird features. These experiments highlight the scientific interest in pigeon behavior and cognition.

Highlights

Pigeons are not mindless; they can interact with a computer screen and be in a box with a banana.

Pigeons' head bobbing is an illusion of a thrust and stop motion, related to their vision.

Pigeons' head movement is similar to human 'scroll and pause' to focus on images.

Pigeons have a unique visual mechanism to keep the world still, with their eyes jumping between fixation points.

Pigeons don't bob their heads on a treadmill moving at their walking speed, as their surroundings remain still.

Pigeons perform courtship rituals with head bowing and tail fanning, which can be mistaken for aggression.

Pigeons can mate for life, and their courtship displays are also used to reconnect.

Pigeon nests, though seemingly haphazard, serve the purpose of keeping eggs from rolling in cliff dwellings.

Pigeon parents are dedicated, taking turns sitting on the nest and rarely leaving it unattended.

Pigeon babies stay in the nest for up to a month, growing rapidly before they can fly away.

Pigeons have been tested in various cognitive tasks, showing sophisticated visual and pattern recognition abilities.

Pigeons can be trained to discern images of breast cancer with high accuracy, indicating advanced pattern sensitivity.

Pigeons can differentiate between real and made-up words, and even identify new real words they've never seen before.

Pigeons have an exceptional memory for patterns, even when shapes are covered up.

Pigeons' brains, though the size of walnuts, have a high neuron density and are capable of processing vast amounts of information.

Pigeons have two highly sensitive areas in each eyeball and a 340-degree field of vision, aiding in navigation and survival.

Pigeons can find their way back home from up to 40 miles away, possibly using Earth's magnetic field for navigation.

Transcripts

00:00

This episode is sponsored by Curiosity Stream.

00:03

You might think that pigeons are just mindless peckers.

00:05

Well, then, what's this one doing pecking at a computer screen?

00:08

Why is this one in a box with a banana?

00:10

And will this pigeon live to see another day?

00:12

Well, you're about to find out.

00:16

If you've ever seen the pigeon walk,

00:18

you might have wondered what's going on with all the head bobbing.

00:20

Are they broken?

00:21

And they do a lot of it - up to eight times a second - so fast, in fact,

00:25

that it wasn't until the 1960s that they realized

00:28

that this forward and backwards motion was an illusion.

00:31

It's not a bob, it's a thrust and stop.

00:34

You can see it if you slow it down.

00:35

The head goes first

00:36

and then stays absolutely still while the body moves forward to join it.

00:40

And it turns out they're not broken at all.

00:42

This movement has to do with their vision.

00:44

Here's one way to look at it.

00:46

Let's say that you are casually perusing some random page on the Internet.

00:49

You wouldn't do this - continuous scrolling.

00:52

No, you can't focus on anything. It’d make you sick.

00:55

That's why it's hard to go through an Instagram

00:56

feed with someone else driving, for example.

00:59

More likely you would do something like this.

01:01

Scroll and pause.

01:02

And that's because the light receptors in our eyes

01:04

need a moment to recover between images, or else it's all a blur.

01:08

That's essentially what the pigeon is doing with its head.

01:10

Now, we don't bob our heads like the pigeon do,

01:13

but our eyes are constantly trying to keep the world still. Here.

01:17

Try and move your eye from that teal dot to the orange dot along the horizon line.

01:21

Notice what your eyes are doing. They’re jumping a bit like this.

01:25

You can try as hard as you like, but you can't move them smoothly.

01:28

But you don't experience that motion as your eyes jump from one

01:32

place to the next because your eyes sort of shut down during those jumps.

01:36

If you look at this image, you'll notice that your eyes seem to automatically move

01:40

in the direction of the motion, which is a reflex designed to keep the image still.

01:44

And these sorts of reflexes are found in almost all animals that have eyes

01:48

and are responsible for things like the gyroscopic head of a chicken,

01:52

a murder chicken.

01:53

Anyway, if you put a pigeon on a treadmill that’s

01:55

moving at the same speed that they're walking,

01:57

they don't bob their head when they walk because their surroundings are still.

02:01

And “Pigeon on a treadmill” is

02:02

the name of your next album. You're welcome.

02:04

Now, if you spend any time watching pigeons, you might be wondering

02:07

on a scale of one to a leg humping Chihuahua, just how horny are they?

02:11

I'm sure you've seen it.

02:12

A male pigeon

02:13

does this head bowing thing and waddles up to a female with his tail fanned out.

02:18

He can look a bit pushy, to be honest,

02:20

and a lot of these gestures are the same as a male would use to be aggressive.

02:24

But in this case, it's more like a dance.

02:26

Jerry these are wood pigeons.

02:27

I don't care if it's cheaper, Jerry. It's the wrong species.

02:30

How much cheaper?

02:31

well, let's hope they don't notice.

02:33

He bows, and then she might peck at the ground a bit.

02:35

Naughty. And seeing that, he might turn

02:38

a circle or two and rush towards her and then stop and preen for a moment.

02:42

It's exciting.

02:42

Gets the hormones flowing, and at this point he might go in for a little peck.

02:47

Not a kiss like an actual peck.

02:49

And that might lead to beaking, which is when you know it's getting real.

02:52

So she puts her beak inside his beak and he pukes up a little food for her to eat.

02:57

I mean, we've all done it. No?

02:59

Now, of course, reeling from the glorious taste of his vomit, she might squat down,

03:03

signaling she's up for it.

03:05

And then it's just a matter of getting your tail feathers out the way.

03:08

But of course, if you're out on the street watching, most of the time,

03:10

it doesn't seem to go that well for the males.

03:12

And you might think the whole pigeon scene is a bunch of bachelors

03:15

getting rejected all day.

03:16

But here's the thing.

03:17

First off, pigeons will often mate for life,

03:20

which means a lot of these pigeons probably know each other.

03:23

And it's more of a -

03:24

“No, Steve, I don't know what has two thumbs and wants to get laid.

03:27

And I told you the joke doesn't work. You don't have thumbs.

03:29

God.”

03:30

And these displays aren't always just about leading up to mating either.

03:34

Couples will

03:35

often do these displays to reconnect, and it can actually be quite adorable.

03:38

Wings all wrapped around each other.

03:41

And they do a little version of this dance when it's time to pick a location

03:44

for the nest.

03:45

All right, so we should probably have a chat about pigeons nests.

03:48

Look at this.

03:49

I type in pigeons, and I can find a whole episode on the pigeons of New York City.

03:53

There's people who raise them on the rooftops over there.

03:55

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03:58

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04:02

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04:04

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04:07

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04:15

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04:16

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04:20

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04:24

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04:26

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04:29

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04:30

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04:33

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04:37

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04:39

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04:42

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04:45

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04:47

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04:51

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04:51

today. Where were we? Oh right.

04:55

Now pigeon nests get a bit of a bad rap.

04:57

I mean, it's true that some of them look like the pigeons

04:59

read the instructions after a bottle of tequila

05:01

and then woke up vaguely remembering that it had something to do with sticks.

05:05

I mean, come on, that looks like the end of Act 2 in the Three Little Pigs.

05:09

But before you judge, you should ask what the purpose of that nest is anyway.

05:12

These sorts of pigeons

05:14

are essentially domesticated rock doves, and rock doves are cliff dwellers.

05:18

And in those little cliff hidey holes, the main thing is to make sure your egg

05:21

don't roll away.

05:23

They don't have to build some sturdy stick bowl to make it stay in a tree.

05:26

Although, side note, you don't need a nest in a tree either.

05:29

It turns out the white tern turns out an egg

05:31

right under the armpit of a tree branch.

05:34

No sticks at all.

05:35

So by comparison, a pigeon is a regular Frank Lloyd Wright of nest building.

05:39

And even if it is a single stick, don't you worry.

05:41

Those babies are going to be comfy.

05:43

Mom and Dad are on it.

05:44

Literally.

05:44

They take turns sitting on that nest and almost never leave it unattended.

05:49

They take it serious.

05:50

I mean, you can see they don't even always make it to the outhouse.

05:53

I know it's not explicitly written in most parenting books, but I do think the norm

05:56

is to put some distance between the crib and where you s***. No judgment.

06:00

Anyway, this goes on for a while.

06:02

Look at the babies. Adorable.

06:04

If you've never seen a pigeon baby

06:06

before, it's because they stay in the nest for up to a month after they hatch.

06:10

And by then, when they can fly away, they look all grown up.

06:13

And there it is.

06:14

That's the life of a pigeon.

06:16

Do a little dance,

06:17

make a little love, get down or a stick, you know, for the nest.

06:20

Rinse and repeat.

06:21

And you might wonder if maybe there's not that much going on

06:24

in those little noggins.

06:25

And of course, that's why they put one in a box with a banana.

06:28

See if the pigeon could work that out.

06:30

I know the temptation here is to feel superior.

06:32

Like, come on, I could do that.

06:34

But listen, have you ever been in a box with a banana?

06:37

Might be kind of overwhelming

06:38

going through the life choices you made that led you to that moment.

06:41

And depending on how ripe the banana is, it might stink in there.

06:44

I mean, it's enough to make this pigeon forget it can f***ing fly, you know, but

06:49

it eventually has the wherewithal to use a little stool when it gets a bit peckish.

06:53

And once you show a science hippie,

06:55

you can do something like that, forget about it.

06:57

They’re testing you on everything.

06:58

They wanted

06:59

to understand courtship better and set up a whole video dating scenario.

07:03

And it worked.

07:03

The pigeons saw each other on the screen and started doing, you know, the moves.

07:07

But then the science hippies put a delay in the feed.

07:10

So he's like, “What's your name?” And she says nothing.

07:12

He says, “Do you come here often?” “Nancy.”

07:15

And he's like, “Oh, is Nancy a name?”

07:16

And she's like, “No, it's my first time.”

07:18

And the whole thing gets screwed up.

07:19

But now they know that there's some back and forth going on.

07:22

And you might be thinking, well, what are they looking for?

07:24

What makes a bird attractive?

07:26

So just like on Tinder, you can show a pigeon photos

07:29

and see which one elicits a courtship response.

07:31

And you can manipulate those images to accentuate certain traits.

07:34

Maybe make the eyes bigger or... that.

07:37

I mean, if you have Photoshop open, you might as well go for it.

07:40

Anyway, it turned out that the eyes didn't

07:42

matter so much, but they did like a nice sized beak.

07:45

But here's the thing, though. It didn't matter where it was.

07:47

You could swap the beak and the eye and they'd still be into it.

07:51

What's crazy is: this has support from an experiment in the 80s.

07:54

These baby chickens who'd never seen anything before,

07:56

had to choose between a stuffed bird and a stuffed bird

07:59

that was all jumbled up. Remember, this is the 80s.

08:02

Everyone's on cocaine.

08:04

This is what science was back then.

08:05

Anyway, the chicks didn't mind the jumbling

08:07

as long as there was an intact face. Like this one was on par with a normal bird.

08:12

But this one was just a bit too much.

08:14

And you might be thinking: if pigeons can get into a bird with a beak

08:18

where its eyes should be, it's probably not so visually sophisticated.

08:21

All right.

08:22

So let me ask you, which one of these is a picture of breast cancer?

08:26

You don't know, but you can train a pigeon to tell you.

08:29

Turns out they have sensitivity to patterns and visual relationships

08:32

that's on some AI level s***.

08:34

And they're doing it with images they haven't seen before

08:37

at an 85 to 90% level of accuracy.

08:40

And that's not all.

08:41

Pigeons can make children cry... with science.

08:44

Some pigeons were trained to discern good children's art from bad

08:47

children's art, which apparently had to do with how realistic the drawings were.

08:51

Again, the pigeons did a great job

08:54

sparing parents the cost of sending their kids to art school.

08:57

You could have pigeon guidance counselors.

08:59

Check this one out.

09:00

You can teach a pigeon a bunch of words, some of them real words like “Bust”

09:04

and some of them nonsense. words like “Varn.”

09:07

You know, the pigeon gets a treat

09:08

if it pecks on the word that's real or the star shape if it's a made-up word.

09:13

Now, you start mixing in new words that the pigeons never seen before.

09:17

Both nonsense and real.

09:19

And you know what?

09:20

The pigeon’s able to tell which ones are real and which ones aren't.

09:23

They picked up patterns on what makes a word real.

09:26

You can’t bulls*** a pigeon.

09:27

And I'll tell you,

09:28

if you want invest, invest in the company that makes peck-proof screens

09:32

because the science hippies seem to use them quite a bit.

09:35

Here they got pigeons pecking color patterns in order

09:37

for peanuts or whatever they eat, and then patterns made out of shapes.

09:41

What is that? A book? A windmill?

09:43

Or in the words “PECK ME?”

09:44

Someone was having fun in the lab.

09:46

And here they are remembering patterns even after the shapes get covered up.

09:50

I mean, the bottom line is

09:51

they have some pretty sophisticated visual cognitive abilities.

09:54

Read, not dum dums.

09:56

I mean, their brain is about the size of a walnut,

09:58

but it's jam packed with neurons - more than twice the density of our brain.

10:02

But it has to process a lot of information.

10:05

They have 2 highly sensitive areas of fovias in each eyeball

10:08

compared to our one, and they have a field of vision that covers 340 degrees.

10:13

Compare that with the zero degrees covered by a dead pigeon

10:16

and you need those kind of peepers if you have falcons chasing your a**

10:19

from all directions.

10:20

And it helps with navigation, especially from above.

10:24

You try telling a Walmart from an IKEA just based on the shape of the roof.

10:28

Let alone finding the exact park bench where that crazy

10:31

pigeon lady is strewing morsels of stale hot buns.

10:34

But you can release

10:35

some pigeons 40 miles away from home in a place they've never been, and

10:38

they can find their way back before dinner.

10:40

So how do they do that?

10:42

One more recent theory is that they create little molecules in their eyes

10:46

that interact with Earth's magnetic field so they can kind of see

10:49

Earth's magnetic field. And that works day or night.

10:52

I mean, if they've got that, it's a little less impressive.

10:55

A big “Fly this way” sign in the sky.

10:57

I mean, I'd take back those war medals

10:59

the pigeons got. It’s bulls***. It’s Varn.

11:02

You don't puke in my mouth no more.

11:05

It don't drag its tail on the floor.

11:08

I think this pigeon love is gone.

11:11

I think this pigeon love is over. Pigeon love. We’re getting s*** on from above.

11:18

Pigeon love. We’re getting s*** on from above.

11:24

You don't puke in my mouth no more.

11:27

It don't drag its tail on the floor.

11:30

I think this pigeon love is gone.

11:32

I think this pigeon is over. Pigeon love.

11:36

We’re getting s*** on from above.

11:40

Pigeon love.

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العلامات ذات الصلة
Pigeon BehaviorAnimal IntelligenceCourtship RitualsCognitive AbilitiesBird VisionNesting HabitsPigeon CareAvian StudiesSponsorship MentionEducational Content
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