36 Weekly Review

J Lionel
25 May 202415:26

Summary

TLDR本视频由Dr. Kripp主持,重点介绍了肯尼斯·伯克的五要素分析法(pentad),这是一种系统性分析文本、电影或生活事件的方法。五要素包括行动(act)、代理人(agent)、代理(agency)、场景(scene)和目的(purpose),分别对应五个问题词:谁、什么、何时、何地、为何。通过分析大众汽车广告,Dr. Kripp展示了如何应用五要素来揭示广告中的种族、性别和文化偏见。此外,视频还讨论了如何使用五要素分析乔纳森·斯威夫特的《一个温和的建议》,以及如何构建论文提纲和使用引用。视频强调了研究先行、写作随后的重要性,以科学归纳法构建论文。

Takeaways

  • 📚 本周课程重点介绍了肯尼斯·伯克的五要素分析法(pentad),这是一种可以用于分析文本、电影或生活中事件的方法。
  • 🔍 五要素包括行为(act)、代理人(agent)、代理手段(agency)、场景(scene)和目的(purpose),对应于五个问题词:谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么。
  • 🎬 通过分析大众汽车的广告,展示了如何运用五要素分析法来解读广告中的代理人、行为、代理手段、场景和目的。
  • 👥 广告中的代理人分析揭示了性别、种族和着装等元素,暗示了广告中的潜在偏见和文化表达。
  • 🚗 广告中的行为分析指出了对话和汽车的破坏,这些行为与德国工程和电子机械的主题相联系。
  • 🏭 场景分析强调了广告中工业环境的白色主题,这与德国工程的品牌形象相呼应。
  • 🤔 广告的目的分析提出了疑问,是否广告旨在帮助人们,还是仅仅嘲笑美国人和他的车,或是为了展示德国人的优越性。
  • 📖 将五要素分析法应用于《一个温和的建议》文本,帮助理解斯威夫特的讽刺和对都柏林社会各阶层的描绘。
  • 📝 课程还讨论了论文写作中的论点陈述和提纲形式,强调了清晰表达主张和支持点的重要性。
  • 📚 强调了在写作中正确使用引用的重要性,并提倡首先进行研究,然后通过归纳法得出结论和构建论点。
  • 🛠️ 肯尼斯·伯克的五要素分析法因其系统性而有价值,可以作为写作和分析的有力工具。

Q & A

  • 什么是肯尼斯·伯克的五要素(pentad)?

    -肯尼斯·伯克的五要素包括:行为(act)、代理人(agent)、代理(agency)、场景(scene)和目的(purpose)。这些要素分别对应五个问题词:谁(who)、什么(what)、何时(when)、何地(where)和为什么(why)。

  • 在分析文本或电影时,'行为'(act)指的是什么?

    -在分析文本或电影时,'行为'(act)指的是发生的事情,例如电影中的动词,比如人物之间的相爱、偷窃、获取魔法物品等动作。

  • 如何理解'代理人'(agent)在分析中的含义?

    -'代理人'(agent)指的是参与行为的人或角色。在分析时,应尝试给出多个答案,比如不仅是埃隆·马斯克,还可以是他是一个男性、丈夫、父亲、亿万富翁等,每个答案都会带来不同的故事和分析视角。

  • 在广告分析中,'代理'(agency)是如何体现的?

    -在广告分析中,'代理'(agency)是指角色如何执行他们的行为。例如,在超级英雄电影中,超级英雄使用他们的超能力来执行行为,这就是他们的代理方式。

  • 广告中的场景(scene)包括哪些元素?

    -场景(scene)包括时间和地点,也包括情境。例如,在分析乔纳森·斯威夫特的《一个温和的建议》时,场景就包括了都柏林的社会状况。

  • 在分析广告时,'目的'(purpose)指的是什么?

    -'目的'(purpose)指的是人们行为的原因。例如,在广告中,目的可能是帮助某人,或者表达某种观点,如德国工程的优越性。

  • 视频中提到的大众汽车广告中,代理人(agent)有哪些特点?

    -视频中提到的大众汽车广告中,代理人包括两个德国人和一个美国人,两个男性和一个女性,两个白人和一个黑人,以及两个高个子和一个矮个子。这些特点在广告中被用来传达特定的信息和主题。

  • 在大众汽车广告中,行为(act)是如何体现的?

    -在大众汽车广告中,行为体现在人物的对话、按下按钮导致汽车被摧毁,以及展示新汽车等动作上。这些行为与德国工程的主题紧密相关。

  • 广告中的'代理'(agency)是如何展现的?

    -广告中的'代理'体现在使用电子机械来摧毁汽车的方式上,这与德国工程的主题相吻合,展现了德国工程的精密和效率。

  • 视频中提到的《一个温和的建议》中,场景(scene)是如何构建的?

    -《一个温和的建议》中的场景构建包括都柏林的贫困人民、地主、绅士、家庭等社会阶层,以及都柏林的当前悲惨状态,这些元素共同构成了作品的社会背景。

  • 在《一个温和的建议》中,肯尼斯·伯克的五要素如何帮助我们理解文本?

    -肯尼斯·伯克的五要素帮助我们理解文本中的社会阶层、行为原因、行为方式、时间和地点,以及作者希望被接受为真实的其他部分,从而深入理解斯威夫特的讽刺和批评。

  • 视频中提到的论文写作中,如何使用引用?

    -视频中提到,论文写作中应该首先进行研究,然后通过归纳法使用研究结果来得出结论和构建论证,这是21世纪写作中越来越重要的部分。

  • 论文写作中,如何构建一个清晰的论文提纲?

    -论文写作中,可以通过声明论文的主张和支持点来构建清晰的提纲。例如,在引言的最后一句中明确主张,如需要监管,因为驾驶员使用手机会受到严重影响,现有法律不起作用,这样读者就能预期接下来的论文结构。

  • 为什么研究应该在写作之前进行?

    -研究应该在写作之前进行,因为这是科学的方法,可以让我们获取新信息和新观点,学习新方法,从而写出更有深度和价值的论文。

Outlines

00:00

📚 肯尼斯·伯克五要素分析法

本段视频脚本由Dr. Kripp主讲,重点介绍了肯尼斯·伯克的五要素分析法(pentad),这是一种可以应用于文本、电影或生活中事件的分析方法。五要素包括行为(act)、代理人(agent)、代理手段(agency)、场景(scene)和目的(purpose),分别对应问题词:谁、什么、何时何地、为什么和如何。Dr. Kripp通过分析大众汽车广告来实践这种方法,指出广告中的人物角色、动作、代理手段、场景设置以及广告的目的,揭示了广告中潜在的种族和性别偏见。

05:01

🚗 大众汽车广告分析

Dr. Kripp继续分析大众汽车广告,指出广告中的不平衡情况,如两个男性角色与一个女性角色的互动,以及广告中明显的种族和性别象征。广告通过展示德国工程技术,使用电子和机械来摧毁旧车并展示新车,以此来强调德国制造的优越性。场景设置为工业风格,进一步强化了德国工程的主题。然而,广告的目的并不明确,可能是嘲笑美国人和他的车,或是为了展示德国人和德国工程的优越性。

10:01

📖 斯威夫特《一个温和的建议》分析

Dr. Kripp将肯尼斯·伯克的五要素分析法应用于斯威夫特的《一个温和的建议》,揭示了文本中对都柏林社会不同阶层的描绘。斯威夫特以出售婴儿为食的提议为引子,实则批判了当时社会的贫困和不公。通过分析代理人、场景和目的,文本展示了都柏林的乞丐、无助的婴儿、小偷以及上层社会的地主、绅士和家庭。斯威夫特通过这种讽刺手法,希望读者认识到社会问题,并接受他提出的其他解决方案。

15:04

📝 论文写作和引用技巧

视频的最后部分讨论了论文写作的基本技巧,包括撰写论文提要、使用MLA格式以及合理引用。Dr. Kripp强调了研究先行、写作在后的重要性,并提倡使用归纳法来构建论点和主张。他提醒学生,大学教育的目的是获取新知识和新思想,而不仅仅是表达个人意见。通过研究和引用,学生可以更有效地支持自己的论点,提高写作质量。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡肯尼斯·伯克的五要素

肯尼斯·伯克的五要素是视频中提到的一种分析方法,它包括行动(act)、代理人(agent)、代理(agency)、场景(scene)和目的(purpose)。这个方法可以帮助我们系统地分析文本、电影或生活中的事件。在视频中,它被用来分析大众汽车的广告,通过这五个要素来揭示广告中的种族、性别和文化等隐含信息。

💡代理人(agent)

代理人在伯克的五要素中指的是行动的主体,即谁在行动。在视频中,通过分析大众汽车广告中的代理人,可以发现广告中存在的性别和种族偏见,如两个男性和一个女性,两个白人和一个黑人,以及他们在广告中的不同站位和穿着,这些都反映了社会中的权力和地位差异。

💡代理(agency)

代理指的是行动者如何执行他们的行动,即他们行动的方式或手段。在视频中,通过分析超级英雄电影中的代理,说明了超级英雄通过他们的超能力来执行行动,这体现了他们在电影中的能力和角色定位。

💡场景(scene)

场景在伯克的五要素中指的是行动发生的时间和地点,也包括情境。在视频中,通过分析《一个温和的建议》中的场景,揭示了都柏林社会的各个层面,包括贫民、地主、绅士等,展现了当时社会的经济和社会状况。

💡目的(purpose)

目的是行动背后的动机或原因。在视频中,通过分析大众汽车广告的目的,可以看出广告试图通过展示德国工程的优越性来嘲笑美国人和他的车,这反映了广告中的文化优越感和竞争性。

💡大众汽车广告

大众汽车广告是视频中用来展示伯克五要素分析方法的一个实例。广告中通过不同角色的设置和行动,传达了对德国工程的赞美和对美国人及其产品的贬低,这在视频中被用来揭示广告中的隐含偏见和文化信息。

💡《一个温和的建议》

《一个温和的建议》是乔纳森·斯威夫特的一篇讽刺文章,视频中用来展示如何通过伯克的五要素来分析文本。文章表面上提出了一个荒谬的建议——将婴儿作为食物出售,但实际上是用来揭示和批评都柏林社会的贫困和社会不公。

💡论文陈述

论文陈述是视频中提到的写作论文时的一个重要步骤,它清晰地表达了论文的主要论点和支持论点。例如,视频中提到的论文陈述是关于需要对驾驶时使用手机的行为进行规范,因为它会导致驾驶员的严重损害,而现行法律不起作用。这有助于读者理解论文的结构和预期的论证。

💡引用

引用是写作中用来支持论点的一种方法,视频中强调了在21世纪写作中正确使用引用的重要性。通过首先进行研究,然后基于研究结果进行归纳,形成结论和论点,这是一种科学的方法,也是学术写作中推荐的做法。

💡MLA格式

MLA格式是视频中提到的一种学术论文引用格式,它规定了如何在论文中引用不同的来源,以确保学术诚信和便于读者查找原始资料。视频中通过一个例子展示了如何在论文的引言部分使用MLA格式来清晰地表达论文的主张和支持点。

Highlights

介绍了肯尼斯·伯克的五要素分析法,用于系统地分析文本、电影或生活中的事件。

五要素包括行为(act)、代理人(agent)、代理手段(agency)、场景(scene)和目的(purpose)。

行为(act)指发生的事情,如电影中的动词。

代理人(agent)指涉及的人物,需从多个角度分析。

代理手段(agency)指人物如何行动,例如超人电影中的超能力。

场景(scene)包括时间和地点,与情境相关。

目的(purpose)指人物行动的原因。

通过分析大众汽车广告,展示了如何应用五要素分析法。

广告中的代理人分析揭示了性别、种族和地位的象征意义。

广告中的行为分析显示了人物之间的不平衡和潜在的霸凌行为。

代理手段分析强调了德国工程和电子机械的主题。

场景分析揭示了广告中的工业环境和对白色的强调。

广告的目的分析指出了其嘲讽美国人及其汽车的意图。

将五要素分析法应用于《一个温和的建议》,帮助理解斯威夫特的讽刺文本。

《一个温和的建议》中的代理人分析揭示了都柏林社会的各个阶层。

分析了斯威夫特如何通过其提议描绘都柏林的贫困和社会问题。

讨论了论文陈述和提纲形式,强调了清晰表达主张和支持点的重要性。

强调了在21世纪写作中使用引用和归纳法的重要性。

总结了研究和写作的正确顺序,即先研究后写作。

Transcripts

00:01

hello again I'm Dr kripp and it's time

00:03

for our weekly review before we get into

00:06

it please remember as always there's my

00:08

email address aaronin gmail.com please

00:10

email me if you have any questions or

00:13

comments about the course so this

00:15

weekend or this week sorry we focused

00:18

very heavily on Kenneth Burke's pentab

00:21

because it's a method that we can use

00:23

any time to try to analyze something

00:26

whether it be a text or a movie or an

00:28

event in our lives we don't just have to

00:31

rely on the chin scratching method as I

00:33

call it and just hoping that we come up

00:35

with an idea we can be methodical using

00:38

his five terms remember he calls it the

00:40

pentad because of that those five terms

00:43

act agent agency scene and purpose and

00:46

they basically correspond to the five w

00:49

words the question words who what when

00:51

where why and how also so act is what

00:56

happens like verbs for example and if

00:58

you just think about a movie or

01:01

something then in the movie what are the

01:02

verbs that the people do it might be

01:04

mostly about falling in love or it might

01:07

be about stealing some money or getting

01:09

the magic thing or whatever so it's

01:12

basically actions that people are doing

01:16

agent is about uh who the people are and

01:19

when we think about that we want to try

01:21

to give multiple answers don't just

01:23

simply say well it's Elon Musk or what

01:26

you could say well he's also a man he's

01:28

a husband he's a father he's a

01:30

billionaire and so forth and with each

01:33

one of those answers that you give

01:35

there's a different story and a

01:37

different way to analyze it or a

01:39

different way to look at it agency is

01:42

about how you do the things that you do

01:45

um and a good example is a superhero

01:49

movies in which uh they do everything

01:52

that the superhero has a superhuman

01:55

strength they're stronger than normal so

01:58

they do everything by using their extra

02:00

strength that's their agency or they

02:03

have X-ray vision they can see through

02:05

the walls and see what's happening

02:07

behind the wall using that x-ray vision

02:10

is their agency or there many movies

02:13

about magic a character has magic and

02:17

they do everything by the Magic by using

02:19

magic or they're some kind of Genius a

02:22

computer genius or just a regular genius

02:26

uh those are all agency scene is when

02:30

and where and it also includes a

02:33

situation and we'll talk about that when

02:35

we look at Jonathan Swift's a modest

02:37

proposal and then purpose is why people

02:40

are doing

02:41

things so in order to help us practice

02:45

uh with Kenneth burk's pentad we looked

02:48

at a few Volkswagen

02:50

advertisements and you remember this one

02:53

let's take a look at the agents first of

02:55

all in this ad and remember we want to

02:57

give more than one answer so in what

03:00

they are saying in their speech they

03:03

talk about German engineering and so one

03:06

way to analyze this or look at it is

03:09

that there are two Germans and one

03:11

American in the advertisement another

03:14

would be to say there are two men and

03:16

one woman and then simply by looking at

03:19

this then we can notice some things for

03:21

example uh the two men are standing in

03:24

front and the woman is standing behind

03:27

which is very traditional and common the

03:30

two men are wearing more clothes the

03:32

woman is wearing less clothes that's

03:35

also very common uh if we go on looking

03:38

at the agents we also notice there are

03:40

two white people and one black person

03:43

and their clothes go along with that the

03:46

white people are wearing white clothes

03:48

and the non-white person is wearing

03:50

non-white clothes then we notice also

03:52

the cars are the same the white people

03:55

have a white car the non-white person

03:57

has a non-white car so the idea of

04:00

whiteness and color is very strong in

04:03

this advertisement we also notice there

04:05

are two tall people and one short person

04:08

there and even we can just say they're

04:10

basically in general two against one and

04:14

it almost seems like a bullying

04:16

situation as we go on and look at the

04:19

acts that the two do to the one so

04:23

that's the next thing that we can

04:25

consider is the acts and the verbs that

04:28

they are doing in this advertisement the

04:31

first noticeable one is just that

04:33

they're simply talking and if we compare

04:36

that to the agents we just talked about

04:38

we'll notice that the Germans talk the

04:41

most and the men talk the most also

04:44

specifically the German man talks the

04:46

most then the German woman talks the

04:49

second most and the the American man

04:53

talks the least and if we keep going

04:56

down looking at the agents the two tall

04:58

people talk more the two people talk

05:00

more than the one person so it's very

05:02

much an unbalanced situation it's almost

05:06

like bullying a little bit uh another

05:09

act that we notice is that the man

05:11

pushes a button and then that causes the

05:13

car to be destroyed this goes along with

05:16

the theme of the German engineering

05:19

pushing a button Electronics Machinery

05:22

that fits this theme of German

05:25

engineering we also see that they

05:27

destroy the man's car and then they

05:30

present a new car I don't know if

05:32

they're giving him the car or not and

05:35

that is an important question too really

05:38

finally at the end the German man makes

05:40

these hand signs and those are similar

05:43

to American uh Urban gang signs so that

05:48

lets us know something that the

05:49

advertisement is trying to do is kind of

05:52

translate uh American Urban Black

05:55

Culture into a white German better

05:59

culture supposedly in the

06:03

advertisement if we keep up with our use

06:06

of Kenneth Burke's pentet and look at

06:08

agency we notice the very remarkable

06:10

part about the advertisement is the way

06:13

they destroy the car with this machinery

06:15

and again this fits that theme of German

06:18

engineering using electronics and

06:21

Machinery in order to destroy the

06:24

car if we look at the scene then look at

06:27

the lower picture here we get a better

06:29

view of the scene we'll notice it's very

06:32

industrial which again fits with the

06:34

theme of German engineering and it's all

06:37

white too you can see even those traffic

06:40

cones around the car that are normally

06:42

orange are white here so it's a very

06:45

white environment and that reinforces

06:47

this theme of whiteness white Place

06:50

white car white people white clothes

06:53

against a nonwhite person nonwhite

06:56

clothes nonwhite car uh the color is

06:59

very very significant in these

07:02

advertisements then if we ask what the

07:05

purpose is it's a little bit unclear are

07:07

they trying to help this person are they

07:10

simply saying that his car is worse than

07:13

their car it's not clear that they're

07:15

giving this car to him it is clear that

07:18

they could give him the car in a in a

07:22

nicer way in a more obvious way if they

07:24

wanted to so there's some question here

07:28

are they being nice are they helping him

07:31

or not it seems like uh the purpose of

07:34

this advertisement is more to kind of uh

07:38

laugh at the um laugh at the American

07:41

and his car or uh assert that the German

07:45

engineering and the Germans are better

07:47

or

07:48

Superior now if we take uh Kenneth

07:51

Burke's pentad and apply it to a modest

07:54

proposal it helps us with this famously

07:57

confusing and shocking text uh Swift

08:01

claims that his purpose is to make

08:03

useful members of society and the way

08:06

that he wants to do that is selling

08:08

babies for food which is shocking And he

08:11

as the author knows that this proposal

08:14

will not be accepted so that part is not

08:17

really serious he's not hoping that

08:20

these two elements of his proposal will

08:23

be accepted it's the other parts that he

08:26

states which he hopes will be accepted

08:30

as true or Sound True to his audience so

08:35

when he gets into the agency of how he

08:38

wants to go about selling these babies

08:40

for food we start to see a picture of

08:43

the Society of Dublin he mentions

08:46

fattening the babies before sale then

08:49

selling them to taverns where the fine

08:51

gentlemen eat and for the Lord mayor's

08:54

Feast he talks about making new recipes

08:57

and gloves for the lady and boots for

09:00

fine gentlemen and we're starting to see

09:03

this other level of society the Lord

09:05

mayor the fine gentlemen the ladies and

09:09

these elements emerge even more as we go

09:13

further into the The Proposal uh the

09:17

agents

09:19

include one level of society which we

09:22

meet just in the very first paragraph

09:24

the Beggars of the female sex children

09:27

all in rags mothers helpless infants

09:30

thieves this is just in paragraph number

09:33

one in the very first sentences of the

09:36

proposal so at first we think that this

09:39

is who uh he is focused on is are the

09:43

poor people of Dublin but as we read

09:46

further we start to see this higher

09:49

class of people uh emerge in The

09:52

Proposal landlords he mentions five

09:55

times and so this is something you can

09:58

do just simply use the contrl F on your

10:01

computer keyboard to do a search for the

10:04

word landlord in the text you find it's

10:07

there five times that's a way to measure

10:10

how interested is Jonathan Swift in

10:13

these landlords well he mentions them

10:16

five times and he says the landlords

10:18

have already devoured the parents so why

10:21

not eat the children as well Swift also

10:24

mentions gentlemen six times for example

10:27

talking about making some boots for fine

10:30

gentlemen he mentions fine families as

10:34

well and this is one of the main points

10:36

of the proposal he's he writes 1,000

10:40

families in this city would be constant

10:43

customers for in infants flesh so he's

10:46

telling us who the people in the town

10:49

are this is also part of the scene that

10:51

we'll talk about in a minute in Dublin

10:54

or in Ireland well in Dublin in the city

10:58

there are 1000 th families who are

11:01

basically eating all the poor people

11:03

Jonathan Swift expresses here now all of

11:07

those people who we just saw are

11:10

residents of Dublin they are part of the

11:12

scene like we just saw the Beggars and

11:15

the children in rags the thieves and

11:17

helpless infants those are introduced in

11:20

the first

11:21

paragraph Swift also mentions the

11:24

present deplorable state of the kingdom

11:26

and notice uh that is a Time

11:30

the present and uh it is a place the

11:33

kingdom although it's a very big place

11:35

it's not very specific but the

11:37

deplorable state is more of a situation

11:41

and that shows us part of the scene

11:43

that's not a when or where part but the

11:46

the deplorable state is a situation

11:49

Swift also mentions voluntary abortions

11:51

which bother him the vast number of poor

11:54

people who are aged diseased or maimed

11:57

the young laborers who cannot get at

11:59

work Protestants who have chosen to

12:01

leave their country plump young girls

12:04

who cannot stir abroad without a chair

12:07

all of these are people who he sees in

12:10

Dublin they are part of the scene and in

12:13

which he makes his proposal and these

12:15

are the things that he hopes will be

12:17

recognized as true in his

12:21

text this week we also looked at thesis

12:24

statements and I talked about the

12:26

outline form let's just remember uh

12:30

that's kind of very basic and simple but

12:32

it is a clear way and a good starting

12:35

point if you when you're writing your

12:38

essay uh we looked at an MLA format

12:41

example that declared in the first

12:44

paragraph basically uh the claim and two

12:48

supports it said regulation is needed

12:51

because a drivers using phones are

12:54

seriously impaired and B present laws do

12:57

not work so at the end of your

13:00

introduction in your essay you can have

13:03

this sentence the last sentence of the

13:06

introduction that states the claim such

13:09

as regulation is needed and the reasons

13:12

why because this and because this when

13:16

the reader sees that then they know they

13:19

expect the the two parts of the essay

13:21

after this will be part A and Part B and

13:25

that helps reader comprehension and

13:27

that's good for you because that's what

13:29

you want is your reader to understand

13:34

you finally we talked about uh using

13:37

quotations well and this is a more and

13:39

more important part of writing in the

13:43

21st century we want to use induction

13:46

the way of science popularized by Sir

13:49

Isaac Newton beginning in

13:52

1687 we do research first and writing

13:56

second we all know that's how scienti do

13:59

it that's how we should be doing it too

14:02

if we're not doing it that way we're not

14:05

doing a useful process okay we don't go

14:09

to university simply to State all of our

14:12

opinions that we had before we came to

14:15

the university we go to the university

14:18

to get new information and new ideas and

14:21

learn new methods and that's what we do

14:24

when we do research first and find some

14:27

new information and then by the process

14:29

of induction uh use those pieces of

14:33

research to come to some conclusion and

14:37

make a claim and construct an argument

14:39

from

14:41

there so that is our review of the week

14:45

um remember Kenneth Burke's pentad is

14:48

valuable because it's methodical you can

14:51

use it every time and the although it's

14:56

tempting to turn to AI to do our uh

15:00

research for us before writing an essay

15:03

actually the fastest and truest way of

15:06

writing a good essay is by first doing

15:09

research on our

15:11

own and then deriving a main idea from

15:15

that all right I'm going to stop here

15:17

for today until the next video take care

15:21

everybody

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

関連タグ
肯尼斯·伯克文本分析电影解析社会事件五要素方法论文化研究广告批评写作技巧学术研究
日本語の要約は必要ですか?