Why the Vulcan's Solid Nozzles Don’t Gimbal - Smarter Every Day 297

In this video, we're going to walk right up to a huge rocket on the launch pad.

Not only are we going to walk up to it, we're going to walk right

up to the hot, naughty bits. That's what I call it.

We've got two liquid engines, two solid engines.

They've been in development for a really long time.

And not only are we going to walk right up to it, we're going to walk

right up to it with the guy over the whole company that did it, Tory Bruno.

Tory Bruno is a legend in the rocket community.

He's extremely smart, he's an engineer by training, and and he knows his stuff.

Here in America, we are right in the middle of an explosion

of aerospace development.

There's all kinds of rockets being developed by SpaceX and Blue Origins and

all these other companies, and they're making new rockets, which is awesome.

That we are living in an era where new rockets are being developed and

they're being flown for the first time.

This rocket that we're going to see today is called the Vulcan Rocket, and this is

the first time it's ever been flown.

You may remember in a previous episode of Smarter Every Day, we got to see

the Vulcan Rocket being manufactured.

In fact, these are some of the chips that came off of some of those mills

that were cutting that ortho-grid pattern that would ultimately become the rocket.

They bump form them, they roll them, they make them into big cylinders.

The rocket that we're about to see launch, we saw it being made in the factory.

Oh, those big plates that you saw machined and you saw bent and you saw anodized

have to get friction stir-welded together into a barrel to form an atlas booster.

Or in the case of what you see over there, right now is the Vulcan

first-flight liquid oxygen tank. That's it.

Okay, so that is the first vertical assembly of Vulcan.

Right.

And now we're going to get to see it being flown.

The Vulcan rocket is especially important for ULA because they're retiring their

Delta and Atlas class rockets.

These are workhorses of the American launch industry, and

they both have great track records of being reliable launch platforms.

Yes, Tory Bruno is the CEO of United Launch Alliance, and this is

the first launch of the Vulcan rocket.

With all that being said, there's speculation in the industry that somebody

might buy United Launch Alliance.

If they do, we don't know who's going to be launching Vulcans in the future.

We know Vulcan is going to persist, but we don't know what company name

they'll be flying under.

All that being said, I want you to understand something about Tory Bruno.

He is a rocket fan through and through.

I've had private conversations, and he is very kind and excited about other rockets

in the industry when the cameras are off.

So don't think of as watching a rocket tour on the pad with a CEO of a company.

Think about you being able to walk up to a really cool new rocket,

and you're doing it with one of the smartest, most well-informed

rocket nerds in the country.

He's a nerd's nerd, and he's a really fun person to tour a rocket pad with.

Another thing that makes this really special for me is my dad's going

to come along, and he's going to help me by being the second camera guy.

If you've seen my dad in previous videos, you know he's wicked smart.

I mean, he loves building things, and he worked on the James Webb space telescope.

So being able to share this with him is a very special thing for me.

So let's go to Florida's Cape Canaveral Space Force station.

It's two days before launch.

The only way we can fit this in for Tory is if we did it

very early in the morning.

So we found a patch of time right after sunrise or during sunrise,

actually, and it's extremely windy.

So it was a little difficult to record sound, but the reveal

of the rocket is just incredible. So here we go.

Let's go get Smarter Every Day and go to the pad and

learn about the Vulcan rocket.

Okay, here we are before sunrise down in Florida.

Check this out.

That is pretty cool looking.

Yeah, the lights make it look amazing. That's incredible.

As we drove up on the Vulcan, I was just struck by how awesome this machine is.

And to know that we had seen it being built in the factory,

it's just incredible.

As we drove up, we had to show someone our credentials.

But I also want you to notice there's large lightning protection system

towers all around the rocket.

This is probably the best shot we're going to get of that.

So remember that for when Tory is talking about it later.

Also, speaking to Tory, there's a guy around here somewhere

with a cowboy hard hat on.

We just got to find him. Hey, Tory.

Oh, we're going mustache today.

Someone on the staff has to grow one, and no one stepped up.

So it's you.

So this is Volcan.

Can Can we just go look? Yeah, we can walk right up there.

I've never seen a BE4.

I think I may have seen one at Decatur.

We can go right up underneath. Can we really?

Yeah, I'll take you underneath platform. Let's do that?

Yeah, come on.

Sounds great.

You've got the patented Tory hard hat. Yes, I do.

I think at a certain point, they're going to make me wear a hard hat, right?

Yeah, once we get to the yellow line up there, we'll put a hard hat on you.

Okay, so before we go further here, can I just look at this?

So we've got We've got the Vulcan here.

Let me make sure my focus is working.

So we have the Vulcan here.

That cable over the top, that's the lightning protection system?

[T] Yeah, so you see the four towers and the two sets of cables.

That is the lightning protection system.

It's bigger than it looks.

When you look at that inner square, it looks tight, but it really isn't.

[D] Really?

[T] But that is the one thing that the astronauts tell me make them nervous.

They feel like that feels small. A confinement?

But it's not. We'll go right through the center of that.

[D] Oh, it's amazing. Okay, and what is this tower over here?

[T] It's all four towers.

So the four towers are grounded, and then they're connected electrically

to these cables that you see that surround the whole launch pad.

So that whole thing is lightning protection.

[D] Okay.

[T] This tower, that tower, that tower, that tower.

[D] Got it. [T] It looks small.

It's not.

Everything's bigger than it looks because there's nothing

around here to measure it by.

That rocket is 202 feet tall, so that's 20 stories tall.

[D] 20 stories tall? [T] Yeah.

Okay. And about 18 feet in diameter, 5.

4 meters in diameter.

Obviously, it's not fueled yet, except for the solid.

So we got two solids hanging there.

Those are the GEM 63XL, extra long.

These are about 7 feet longer than the GEM 63s we've been flying on Atlas so far.

[D] What does the 63 mean?

[T] 63 inches in diameter was the original design of that original rocket motor

that these were designed from.

These are the longest monolithic rocket motors ever flown.

[D] So they're not segmented? [T] Not segmented.

One piece.

[D] Which is good because you don't get cracks in the...

I didn't know that.

I thought these- [T] Yeah, so you don't have to seal them.

There's no big O-ring joints like there were on the shuttle segments

or on Artemis's solids.

So it's a lot more weight-efficient, so you don't have that big joint in there.

And they're faster to make.

It's 109,000 pounds of propellant in each one of them.

So that's a lot of energy tied up in these guys.

And all of that, 50 tons of propellant is expelled in less than two minutes,

about a minute and 50 seconds.

[D] And their thrust vector, the nozzles- [T] No, these are fixed nozzles because we have

two BE cores on the liquid core.

So that's enough control authority to get us all our pitch, yah, and roll.

[D] Really? [T] Yeah.

[D] Okay. So that's unique, isn't it?

Because most solids, like on the ones you see on SLS and the ones you

see on the shuttle, they were gimbled, [T] Yes, they often are gimbled.

When we flew the Delta with its solids, we had fixed or gimbled

depending on what we were doing and how many, and the same on Atlas.

But for these, we don't need that.

We got plenty of control authority on the liquid engines.

[D] Okay.

So weaseled dad in here with me to do the B roll, right?

Oh, yeah. Can you see the rocket?

That's cool. I can see it.

I think it's hard hat time. [DAD] Okay.

Got you. [D] Can you tighten in the back?

[DAD] I got it. [D] You got it?

[DAD] All right. [T] All right.

I got to get in a picture of your dad. Okay.

[D] Let's do that.

[T] You work James Webb, right? [DAD] I did, yes sir.

[T] Outstanding.

[D] You can hold the camera down, dad. [DAD] Okay.

[D] One, two, three.

That's great.

[T] So you remember the gray part here?

That's the MLP or mobile launch platform.

You can see the four sets of rails. [D] There's rails here.

[T] Yeah.

So obviously, the rocket's not fueled with the liquid propellents when we move it

out here, but the mobile launch platform is still two and a half million pounds.

Rockets like 100,000 pounds empty, plus the solids, which are 117,000 pounds each.

[D] Well, is it pressurized?

[T] Only the upper stage.

[D] The SENTAR is pressurized right now? [T] Right.

Yeah. It has to be at all.

You either have to have it stretched and supported mechanically or pressurized

because it's that very, very thin, as thin as 14,000 stainless steel.

So it's a balloon tank.

The first stage is rigid.

That's that ortho-grid, the rigid aluminum structure, the 2000-series

structure you saw in the factory. So that's okay.

But the upper stage has to be pressurized.

And all of this was in the VIF behind you.

The doors are closed right now.

Yeah, right there.

Ula on the top.

That's where we assembled all of this because it's too big

to ship this way from Decatur.

So the first stage, the upper stage, the payload faring, the interstage all

come separately here on the rocket ship.

They go to that building, we stack them vertically, then we bring in the solids,

stack those, and then the last thing we do is bring in the fully encapsulated

payload, in this case, Paragren, underneath the payload faring.

[D] Go into the moon. [T] Go into the moon.

[D] Which is cool. [T] Super cool.

[D] That's awesome. [T] And then that gets stacked.

It's all on top of the mobile launch platform.

So when it's all done, doors open, then it rolls out here at a blistering

two and a half miles per hour. [D] That's fun.

[T] Takes a couple of hours to do it because we come real slow to

clear the building, and then we take off.

We're being careful.

Somebody asked me the other day, they go, how long does it take to

roll from the vif to the pad?

And I said, oh, about eight years.

Eight years?

[D] Yeah, it's a lot of time went into that, isn't it?

[T] It was, yeah. Yeah.

So if you go way, way up the topmost one up there, that white one that looks bent,

that's a flexible, what we call ECS or Environmental Control System duct.

That's air conditioning.

That's for the payload.

Temperature, humidity, stuff like that.

Certain payloads, especially optical ones, you got to keep them super duper dry.

And then below that, as you're going down, you've got

umbilicals for the propellants.

You've got umbilicals for all the electrical systems and the data and

the power until we go to internal power.

And then, of course, up there in the middle, you got a ground wind damper

because it's a 20-story building.

[D] That's a mechanical coupling there. Okay.

[T] Because winds can get pretty high out here.

[D] Today, it's supposed to. [T] We don't want the rocket to sway.

[D] Here, how many hours out are we right now?

[T] We're going to go at 2:18 in the morning on Monday, so we're a ways out.

[D] We're like 30 something hours out. Okay.

[T] So that's ground wind damper.

And then above that was all propellant and power and electricity and data.

[D] I see.

[T] Then as we come back down, then we've got more of the same.

Then this is also different than what you're used to on shuttle or

even Artemis or even Delta IV heavy, where we have mechanical arms that would

swing away when it's time to launch.

These will disconnect and then fall down out of the way, part of it passively,

so that we don't have that complicated set of systems and hydraulics

that we do on a Delta IV heavy.

[D] How close can we go here?

[T] We're going to go until somebody stops us.

[D] We're going to go until somebody stops us. I like it.

All right, I'm switching back to wide angle.

All right.

[T] So you remember the water suppression system?

[D] Yes. That's for for acoustics, correct?

[T] For acoustics.

So we call that the Acoustic Water Suppression System.

We're going to dump about, I guess we're going to dump about 10 swimming pools

worth in the first minute here. [D] Okay.

[T] And that's all about the acoustic energy that would come out of the Rockets,

exhausted and reflect off the ground.

Water is almost the best, you know, acoustic energy absorbing

material you can have. Okay.

And the reason that's important is because where we're standing right now,

we'd be pushing 300 decibels.

So if the fire didn't get us, the sound alone would just kill us right here.

[D] Shake us apart. [T] Shake us apart.

We get massive brain hemorrhage, that stuff.

But more importantly...

Yeah, more importantly.

Without all of that absorption, that energy would reflect right back on the

rocket and likely damage the spacecraft. [D] Okay.

[T] That's what it's really about.

[D] Can I walk over here to this side?

[T] Yeah.

[D] We're in a place right now. That's amazing.

[T] Yes, we are. That rigid platform will go away.

This on the bottom goes away. Yes.

That grading you see, that goes away.

And beneath us is the flame trench. [D] Okay.

[T] And if you look to your right, that's the outlet to the flame trench right there.

[D] All the fire goes that way. [T] Yeah.

And out of that thing and It blows the lawn, knocks the fence over.

But it's florida, so the lawn will be back five minutes later.

[D] Sounds great.

[T] And so you can...

Those are the two BE4 engines.

We're going to get about a million and a half pounds of thrust out of those.

[D] Wow. They're grounded right now.

Grounded, All right, let me switch to my tighter lens.

Okay, so GEM 63s, they're canted. [T] Gem 63, XL.

[D] They're canted out.

[T] Yeah, so that way we're getting the center of gravity from them

through the average center of gravity because you know that for the rocket,

it's moving because we're going to dump all that propellent in five minutes.

That core will be empty.

So we pick the optimal place to pass the solid's thrust vector through

so that the BE force don't have to fight too much of that on the way up.

I was surprised to find out that these solids are fixed and canted

because a lot of solids on big things like shuttle and SLS,

they have nozzles that move so you can do what's called thrust vector control.

But they don't do that on the Vulcan, and why is pretty interesting.

Look back at the bottom of the rocket.

Those two silver things right in the middle, those are the BE4 liquid

engines, oxygen and methane.

If we think about what's going on here, you can actually move those.

They have thrust vector control on the liquid engines.

And what you can do with that is fascinating.

You can vary the thrust so you can spin the vehicle in one way or the other.

I'm going to shoot at you.

You can also do things like this.

I mean, it's hard to describe, but you can see what I'm doing.

You can even roll the vehicle by how you swing these bells

around, which is fascinating.

Now, the design choice they make, I think, is very elegant and very simple.

They are thrusting the solids through the CG of the rocket When

you first start, if you look at a cross-section of the rocket, you load

up the liquid, you load up the solid.

It's a very heavy rocket, and the CG is really high, though.

It's towards the front of the solids because you think about how long

the rocket is, and you've got the centaur upper stage, and it's fully loaded.

So the CG is about here.

But as you start burning and dumping mass out the back,

the CG is going to slowly walk forward. That's fascinating.

And so you would think, okay, well, if I'm a design engineer

designing the system, I'm just going average out and shoot the middle of where

the CG starts and where the CG ends.

And that's where I'm going to thrust my solid rocket boosters through.

And the reason they do that is because they don't want

to overpower, so to speak, those liquid engines in the middle.

If you are pushing through the CG of the vehicle, you're not trying to twist

the vehicle and roll pitch or you all or anything like that with your solids.

You're just trying to add forward momentum to the vehicle.

So that's how they do that. I think that's very clever.

The fact that they canted that by the way, means if you have, let's say it's

three degrees on the solids.

If you have a sign of three degrees, that means you're pinching in with about 5%

of your total solid rocket thrust, which means the design of the core

has to be able to handle that compressive force, which I think is fascinating.

And it's even more when you have six boosters on the outside of the volcan.

I'm sorry, I'm geeking out right now, but this is a very complicated problem,

and it's very interesting.

Another thing to think about is when you're down at sea level,

a four degree cant on your rocket, your rocket nozzles, that's going to

twist the vehicle a certain amount.

But when you get up five miles in the atmosphere, you've got less mass

and you have less aerodynamic pressure.

So that same cantover of the nozzles, you're going to get a much different

response to the vehicle up at altitude.

So they're probably not averaging that thrust spot between the beginning and

the end of the CG because the response is different as you go up in altitude.

They probably have an optimized spot, and that's where they're thrusting

through, which I think is fascinating.

It's a very simple, elegant solution to make these solids

just a fixed nozzle at a certain angle.

And it almost makes me empathize with the challenge that the guidance

and control engineers have trying to figure out this control algorithm.

But we're not going to do that because those are guidance and control people.

And everybody knows that solid propulsion and liquid propulsion

people, that's where it's at.

That's where the cool stuff is. I'm joking right now.

Anyway, obviously, this is an amazing problem, and I'm excited just to hear

Tory talk about it because I'm learning, and I'm hoping you're learning, too.

[T] And so we'll get about 450,000 pounds of thrust out of each

of those solids, plus the 1.1 million from the combined pair of BE4s.

So this rocket, it'll weigh just under a million and a half pounds,

fully fueled at lift off.

We'll have about 2 million pounds of thrust, so it's not going to leap off

like if it had six solids.

So you'll see it gently come off the pad and go.

[D] Six solids, that's the maximum bulk and handle.

[T] That's the max, yeah.

[D] Is that just a structural limit or just physical positioning?

[T] It's physical space around the rocket.

But obviously, the structure is designed for that because

we knew that's what it would be.

You don't want to waste any mass with extra structure.

[D] Let me ask you about the BE4s.

I know you wanted those things forever.

It took a long time to get them to you. [T] It did.

[D] You're excited you got them, right? [T] Excited we got them.

We love them. They're good engines now that we got them.

My understanding is, and don't let me hurt your feelings too much

with this question, Tory.

My understanding is those things in testing, they've got a lot

of horizontal firing time, but they don't have a lot of vertical.

My understanding is one or two of them has four seconds

of vertical thrust time, right? Real quick.

This is what I was asking Tory.

A horizontal rocket engine test is when you have a huge reaction mass and

you horizontally mount that rocket engine up against that mass and you fire it

and you measure thrust and pressures and flow rates and all that stuff.

A vertical test test is when you hang the engine from your reaction mass

like this, and you can test it in the configuration that it's going to launch.

Typically, you want to do that because that's how the rocket is going to fly.

[T] What's really more important than whether they're horizontal or vertical

is how they interact with the rest of the rocket because you're moving

so much propelling through that thing.

Remember, it's going to dump all of this, right?

We got 86,000 pounds of LOX.

We got 73,000 pounds, gallons, I pounds, 86,000 gallons of LOX,

73,000 gallons of methane.

All that's gone in five minutes.

So the flow rate through these engines is humongous.

And the orientation of the liquid rocket engine in its pumps

really aren't a driving factor at all.

What really matters is how it interacts with the rest of the rocket.

And of course, that's the one thing you can't test until

Monday morning when we really test it.

So things like Pogo interactions with the big fluid columns.

[D] What does Pogo mean?

[T] Pogo is the tendency of a long fluid column to want to oscillate

like an organ pipe, except with a liquid.

And so that's one of the things we have to worry about with these big, long, liquid,

fueled space launch vehicles because they're so big and they're so long.

It's a hundred- [D] Is it like water hammer over and over?

[T] It's water hammer, right.

So this thing is oscillating as we're Flowing it through the pumps

in the rocket engine and we're throttling up and down, that fluid column

wants to take all that energy and it wants to isolate or oscillate.

And so we have Pogo absorbing features in this design.

That's the thing that you really got to test here on the rocket,

how it interacts with the structure, which is another potential source,

by the way, of combustion instability.

You can have Pogo where the feed to the pressure, the feed

to the engine is oscillating because that fluid column is oscillating.

You can get buzz, where the engine is interacting with the structure, and

that's affecting the flow to the engine.

You can get screach, we call.

[D] What's it called? [T] Screach.

[D] Screach.

Which is an acoustic phenomenon inside the combustion chamber of the engine,

which was one of the problems we had to solve on this engine because no one had

successfully overcome Screech in a large methane engine before.

[D] At what frequencies are we talking about? [T] Thousands of hertz.

[D] Thousands of hertz.

[T] Yeah, because it's a thing that happens right at the flame front where you sprayed

into this combustion chamber, the LOX and the methane,

and it's starting to combust, and you get these tiny little cells

of combustion where it's mixed, and they're like little detonations.

It's a tremendous amount of acoustic energy, and you can get

standing waves transverse or radially inside that combustion chamber.

Not so much longitudinally, because the end of the chamber is open.

That's where the gas has come out.

So there's nothing to reflect off of.

But those other modes can get going in the tens of thousands of hertz.

And if you let that happen, you can rip that combustion chamber

apart in a second or two. [D] Really?

[T] So that was part of what took a while to get the BE4s was to solve that problem.

And the way you deal with that screach problem in a combustion chamber is

by carefully controlling your mixing, carefully controlling the pressures you

operate at, but also by putting baffles and features in the face plate of the

injector to interrupt that resonance.

[D] Just like the Apollo engineers did with the F1.

[T] Exactly.

Yeah, this is not a phenomenon unique to methane.

It was just particularly challenging for methane.

[D] Why? Why is it harder than, say, kerosine?

[T] Because of the chemistry The energy of that combustion

of the methane and oxygen.

It just tends to be much more lively, if you will.

In that rough, rapid combustion zone, you can get a lot more acoustic energy

generated instead of the energy going into heat and expansion.

[D] Okay, wow.

Stoichiometrically, what are we looking at?

Oxygen to- [T] This is close to a three to one ratio.

In practice, the stochiometric ratio is always Ideally, it's always different

than that, but you can't have 100% combustion efficiency.

You can back it.

I'm not going to tell you because it's a proprietary.

But you can guess because I told you how much propellant was in

the LOX tank and the methane tank.

[D] So do you use film cooling on these engines?

[T] Yes. Yeah, that's part of it.

[D] So film cooling is when you run it rich, I would say?

[T] Yes. Yeah, this is an Ox-rich engine.

[D] Okay. [T] Yeah.

So it's not a fuel-rich.

We do use fuel inside the bells to cool the bell and to cool the outside

of the combustion chamber.

Is this as far as we can go towards the engine?

[T] Yeah. It's probably it.

[D] So let me zoom in real quick here.

I've got...

That's Incanel, right?

[T] Probably not supposed to tell you.

[D] You're not supposed to tell me what that is.

Okay, well, I'm an aerospace engineer, and it looks like Incanel.

So don't tell me.

But I think most... I don't know.

All I know is...

I know there's been a lot of research into Incanel recently.

I do know that.

[T] That's a very aerospace Alloy, INCO. That was for what?

X15, right?

So we could do our first super- [D] Even the blankets on the F1.

They used that. It's interesting.

The reason I bring that up is because INCENEL is very, very heavy.

That looks like a heavy engine.

[T] It's not a light engine.

[D] Okay.

[T] I'll say that the weight is not too bad.

It's obviously working in this application.

Then there's a whole program that Blue Origin is involved in

right now with us to continue to lower the weight of the engine

and make it more structurally efficient. [D] I see.

Because right now, looking at it, I can tell

I've researched it just a little bit.

I'm not going to pretend I haven't.

My understanding is back in the day with a lot of the Apollo engines,

they would braze tubes in there.

You would run the fuel up through the thing itself.

This one is welded around the outside. It's my understanding.

You don't have to say you're not allowed to.

[T] Well, we can talk in general terms.

[D] Let's talk in general terms.

[T] Okay, so you don't use LOX to cool the combustion chamber or the bell because

it's got poor heat transfer properties.

You always use the fuel.

That's also true here, even though it's not kerosine because it's

just a better heat transfer element.

[D] Is it the heat capacity or the heat transfer coefficient?

[T] Both.

It is the thermal capacity as well as the conductivity of fluid.

When we look at an upper stage engine like RL10, on this RL10,

you would still see those brazed tubes, which is absolutely the most

weight-efficient way to circulate that coolant, like the radiator in your car.

However, that is a handcrafted, craftsman, skilled guy bending little tubes,

individually brazing them operation.

So ultimately, what you want to move to or machine channels or additively

manufactured channels, even better yet, in order to be almost as good, but

a lot faster and a hell of a lot cheaper.

And so this engine does not have little brazed tubes like an RL10 or like an F1.

It's got channels.

And even our RL10- [D] Rectacular. [T] Yes.

[D] Interesting.

[T] And even that upper stage, the RL10 that's air-jet rocket dying, now L3,

will move in our CX upgrade in a couple years to that configuration,

and we'll do away with those tubes.

So it cost us a little bit of weight, but boy, we pick up a lot of

speed and cost by making it that way.

[D] 3d printing?

[T] Yes, 3D printing.

[D] What's interesting about 3D printing is the surface finish of the metal,

and it will create turbulence inside, and you want turbulence inside.

[T] You do. That's very good.

That's very good, Destin.

I forgot about your fascination with laminate and turbulent flow.

[D] That's right.

[T] As a matter of fact, we've been a little bit I'm not going to talk

specifics about either engine, right? [D] Okay.

[T] But we've been a little bit surprised as we have been developing that,

that we get superior heat transfer and superior cooling conditions when

we additively manufacture the channels that we didn't really expect.

It's largely due to that phenomenon. [D] The surface roughness.

[T] Yeah.

It's offsetting a little bit the weight by getting better performance because

that affects performance, especially on an expander cycle like RL10, which

is subject to the cube-square limitation on how much thrust you can get out of it.

[D] That's awesome. I love talking to Tory.

It's so good. It's so fun.

Tell me about the red paint on the side. [T] Yeah.

[D] You're going to keep it up?

[T] We'll do it every so often.

So the next launch won't have it because we were in a hurry to build that booster

up, and it takes a little bit of time.

We do this right now.

We do this by hand.

We take it in the paint booth and we mask it all off, and the guy

gets in there and paints it.

And it's not too bad, but it takes a little bit of time to do that.

The weight's okay.

For missions like this, we got plenty of extra weight.

I mean, that's less than a couple of hundred pounds of paint on there.

But going forward, we're looking at other ways to do it, maybe

automated sprayers and things so we can do it fast and do it every time we have

the weight margin to do it.

You'll see this, every other one, every third one will do the paint job on it.

[D] That's awesome. It's good.

[T] It's beautiful.

But this mobile launch platform is deeper, the structure that you see right here,

and it's just a lot more ergonomically friendly.

The one we have for Atlas, when you want to maintain all the piping

and plumbing and data lines and stuff that's in the base, when you're in on

the Atlas one, you're laying on your back with a hatch, reaching up and doing...

You can't get up in there, and it's awful.

That thing is built so that we can walk around inside.

It's like being in a submarine, there's hatches.

Inside the thing, right here.

Yeah.

If this were back in the VIF, we'd open a hatch and you could get

in there and walk around and do stuff.

[D] Is this new?

[T] Yeah, this is brand new for Volcan. The whole thing is new?

Whole thing. [D] Oh, I didn't know that.

[T] Yeah.

It was so cool to be this close to the rocket, but we had two days

until launch, and all kinds of stuff happened before then.

First thing that happened is Tory took time to explain to me how

cryogenic fueling of rockets works.

And that's so awesome that I'm going to make a whole video about that.

Now, cryogenic refueling in orbit is going to be a big deal

for the future of space exploration.

So I first wanted to understand how you cryogenically fuel

a rocket here on Earth in 1G.

In order to see that, Tory actually let me go into the control room, and we learned

about the sequence and how you do things.

It's a complicated process, and I learned things I had no idea were

even something to be concerned about.

So I'm excited to show you that in a future video.

If you want to see that, please consider subscribing to Smarter Every Day.

I think you'll dig that.

Some other cool things dad and I did with our time.

We went to the Visitor Center there at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.

That was awesome. We saw the Atlantis space shuttle.

That was incredible.

We also got to do something that was really special for me in particular.

When I was a kid, my dad took me to Disney's Epcot Center, and there's this

one ride that has something to do with the figment of your imagination.

There's this little dragon, and he goes around, and you're

thinking about all your senses and all these types of things.

I remember that with my dad when I was a child, and I really

wanted to experience that with dad.

Now that I'm an adult, I just want to feel like a child again.

So we did that.

We rode this ride together, and it was really fun.

It was just me and dad just hanging out. It was awesome.

I don't know why, but doing this with dad made it that much more special.

And when it came time to see the launch, I have never been this close

to a large scale rocket launch, and I've also never filmed one in slow motion.

We did it this time.

Before I show you that, I want to say thanks to today's sponsor.

This episode of Smarter Every Day is sponsored by Factor.

Now, Factor is a pretty cool service.

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They come in this box that's insulated.

It does have freezer packs in it, but it's just refrigerated.

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