16 Rogerian Argument Audience
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Dr. KP discusses the concept of a Rogerian argument, a form of persuasion that involves acknowledging and addressing the opposing view before presenting one's own position. The importance of understanding the audience's perspective is emphasized, as it is crucial to establish common ground and communicate effectively. Examples from various texts, including historical letters and advertisements, illustrate how different writers and speakers target specific audiences with tailored messages. The video aims to guide viewers in crafting essays that respect differing viewpoints and seek common understanding.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video discusses the concept of a Rogerian argument, which involves acknowledging the opposing view before presenting one's own stance.
- 💌 Dr. KP encourages students to reach out via email for any questions or comments about the course, emphasizing the importance of audience engagement.
- 🤔 The importance of understanding the audience is highlighted, especially when writing essays, as it helps in finding common ground and effective communication.
- 👥 The audience is defined as the person or group who disagrees with the writer's viewpoint, and it's crucial to address them respectfully in a Rogerian argument.
- 🌐 The concept of common ground is introduced as a foundation for building agreement with those who have differing opinions.
- 📝 The video provides examples of how to identify and address the audience in writing, using the beginning of essays as illustrations.
- 📚 The script references the Tolman model of argument, explaining the roles of claims, supports, and warrants in constructing an argument.
- 🎭 Historical texts are used to demonstrate how different authors, such as Christopher Columbus and a Native American named Pesaro, identified their audiences and communicated their messages.
- 📑 Advertisements are also discussed as a form of argument, with the audience being targeted based on desires and needs, such as satisfaction, luxury, or modernity.
- 👶 The video concludes with the instruction that in the course, students will write a Rogerian argument that includes the audience's point of view, the writer's own view, and seeks common ground.
- 👋 The video ends with a sign-off, indicating the next video will continue the discussion.
Q & A
What is a roarian argument and how is it structured?
-A roarian argument is a type of argumentative writing where, after introducing the topic, the writer includes the opposing view. This involves stating the position of people who disagree before presenting one's own view. For example, if arguing that AI is helpful for humanity, one would first acknowledge those who believe AI will be detrimental, then present a counterargument stating why AI is still beneficial.
Why is considering the audience important in a roarian argument?
-The audience is crucial because they are the ones who may not agree with the writer's view. It's important to communicate in a way that the audience understands and can relate to, focusing on establishing common ground to build agreement on certain points despite disagreements.
What is the concept of 'common ground' in the context of argumentative writing?
-Common ground refers to the shared understanding, values, or beliefs between the writer and the audience. It's the foundation upon which further agreement can be built, even with those who may disagree on certain issues. Finding common ground helps in making the argument more persuasive and relatable.
How does Dr. KP suggest identifying the audience in an argumentative essay?
-Dr. KP suggests that the audience should be identified very clearly at the beginning of the essay. This can be done by considering the age, interests, beliefs, and specific concerns of the intended readers, and tailoring the writing to address those directly.
What is the significance of the Tolman model of argument in the script?
-The Tolman model of argument is used to explain the structure of an argument, which includes the claim (what the writer believes), the support (the reasons for the belief), and the warrant (the underlying belief that links the claim and support). This model helps in understanding how arguments are constructed and how to effectively present them.
Can you explain the role of warrants in an argument based on the script?
-Warrants in an argument serve as the beliefs or assumptions that link the claim (what is being argued) and the support (the reasons for the argument). They provide the rationale for why the support is relevant to the claim and help in convincing the audience of the validity of the argument.
What is the purpose of the example provided by Dr. KP about Disney films?
-The example of Disney films is used to illustrate how an author can clearly identify their audience and tailor their argument to that specific group. In the example, the author, John Evans, is writing for over-30, god-honoring parents who are interested in Disney movies, showing how to directly address a particular audience.
How does Dr. KP use historical texts to demonstrate the concept of audience in writing?
-Dr. KP uses historical texts, such as letters written by Christopher Columbus and a Native American named Pesaro, to show how the audience can be identified through the language, tone, and content of the writing. These texts demonstrate how the writer's choice of words and the message can be tailored to the specific audience they are addressing.
What is the significance of the advertisement examples in understanding the concept of audience?
-The advertisement examples are used to show how different products are marketed to specific audiences based on their desires, needs, and identities. Each advertisement is crafted to appeal to a particular group, whether it's successful individuals seeking luxury, progressive women, or parents concerned about safety.
How does the script suggest concluding a roarian argument?
-The script suggests concluding a roarian argument by seeking common ground between the opposing view and the writer's own view. This involves acknowledging the audience's perspective, expressing it respectfully, stating one's own view, and then attempting to find areas of agreement to create a more persuasive and balanced argument.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Rhetorical Argument and Audience
Dr. KP begins the video by inviting viewers to engage with the course material and share their questions or comments via email. The main topic of discussion is the rhetorical argument, specifically addressing the concept of audience. Dr. KP explains that in a rhetorical argument, after introducing one's topic, it's important to acknowledge the opposing view, which represents people who disagree with the writer's stance. This is done by stating the opposing position before presenting one's own view. For instance, if the topic is the positive impact of AI on humanity, the opposing view might argue against it, citing potential disastrous outcomes. Dr. KP emphasizes the importance of the audience, who are those who disagree, and the need to communicate with them in a way that they understand, focusing on finding common ground. The concept of common ground is tied to the idea that in any form of communication, there is a speaker or writer and an audience who receives the message. The goal is to ensure that the audience gains new information and ideas from the writing, and to achieve this, it's crucial to find common ground with them, such as shared values or understanding of certain terms.
🎭 Analyzing Audience in Historical and Literary Texts
The video continues with an exploration of audience identification in various texts, starting with an article by John Evans from 1995, which critiques Disney films. Dr. KP points out that Evans clearly identifies his audience at the beginning of his essay, targeting over-30 adults who are parents and have fond memories of Disney movies. This specificity helps in understanding who the content is intended for. The analysis then shifts to historical texts, such as a letter written by Christopher Columbus during his voyage, where he addresses an unidentified 'sir,' likely a high-ranking individual who is religious and supportive of Columbus's mission. Another example is a letter by a Native American named Pesaro, written in 1822, addressing the President of the United States, pleading for his people to be allowed to maintain their traditional way of life before being forced to assimilate. These examples illustrate the importance of understanding the intended audience and the context in which the texts were written.
📚 Dissecting the Audience of Advertisements and Autobiographies
The video script delves into the concept of audience in advertisements and autobiographical writings. It starts with an advertisement for the 1974 Chrysler, which is aimed at individuals seeking satisfaction and luxury in a car, likely successful individuals who have earned the right to indulge in such desires. Another ad for Virginia Slims cigarettes targets progressive, modern women who value thinness, as indicated by the slim design of the cigarettes compared to those typically smoked by men. The script also mentions a Michelin tire advertisement that uses a baby to appeal to parents who prioritize safety. Lastly, an ad for Imperial whiskey directly addresses men, suggesting that it is a drink for those who identify as or wish to feel masculine. These examples demonstrate how advertisements are crafted to appeal to specific audience segments based on their desires, values, and identities.
📝 Assignment Overview: Crafting a Rhetorical Argument
To conclude the video, Dr. KP outlines the assignment for the class, which involves creating a rhetorical argument. Students are instructed to start by introducing their topic and then presenting the audience's point of view, which should be done respectfully to acknowledge their thoughts and feelings. Afterward, students should state their own view in a conventional manner. The goal is to seek common ground between the opposing views by the end of the essay. This exercise aims to help students understand the importance of audience in communication and the art of finding shared understanding despite differing opinions.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Roarian Argument
💡Audience
💡Common Ground
💡Claim
💡Support
💡Warrant
💡Opposing View
💡Argumentative Writing
💡Persuasion
💡Context
Highlights
Introduction to roarian argument, which involves acknowledging the opposing view before stating one's own position.
The importance of considering the audience when writing a roarian argument, particularly those who disagree with the writer's view.
The concept of finding common ground with the audience to facilitate understanding and agreement.
The role of language and shared values in establishing common ground with the audience.
The significance of the audience's understanding of the writer's perspective in the context of a roarian argument.
The Tolman model of argument, which includes the claim, support, and warrant.
John Evans' 1995 article on Disney films as an example of identifying the audience clearly in writing.
Christopher Columbus' letter as an example of writing to a specific audience with shared religious and economic interests.
Pesaro's letter illustrating the audience's impact on the content and tone of the message.
Harriet Jacobs' book highlighting the audience of free women and mothers to contrast the experiences of slaves.
Advertisements as a form of argument, aiming to persuade the audience to buy or like a product.
The 1974 Chrysler advertisement targeting an audience seeking satisfaction, luxury, and comfort.
Virginia Slims advertisement addressing progressive, modern women who desire thin cigarettes.
Michelin tire advertisement targeting parents who prioritize safety for their children.
Imperial whiskey advertisement targeting men seeking a masculine identity and product.
The process of writing a roarian argument, including expressing the audience's view respectfully and seeking common ground.
Transcripts
hello again I'm Dr KP and today we're
going to be talking about roarian
argument and specifically audience with
respect to that but before we get to it
as always there's my email address
aaronin gmail.com please email me if you
have any questions or comments about the
course it always helps me to hear from
you so roarian argument we will be
writing a roarian argument in this
course and that means after you
introduce your topic you will include
the opposing view people who don't agree
with you you'll make you'll state that
position before going on to State your
view okay so for example if you want to
say that uh AI is helpful for Humanity
then you might say I understand some
people think AI will not be helpful to
humanity they believe it's going to be a
disaster for example here's a quotation
of someone saying that and then after
that in the essay you say uh that's
that's reasonable I can understand why
people would say that nevertheless I
still think AI will be good for Humanity
and then you make your normal argument
okay so in that process the idea of
audience the person who you're talking
to is very important they're the people
who don't agree with you and so you need
to make sure that you talk to them in a
way that they understand and that that
anchors on this concept of common ground
that we've talked about already uh and
the fact that whenever we're
communicating in talking like I'm doing
right now or in writing there is you
who's doing the talking or the writing
and then there's the person who's
hearing you or reading what you're
writing and that is the audience so
you're going to be writing essays in the
course uh your audience is the person
who's reading it and you should want
that person to get new information and
new ideas from what you're writing okay
but the important thing is to be able to
find common ground with that person you
need to be speaking the same language
for example and then have an agreement
on what the words mean in the language
but also a larger sense of what the
words mean if I say for example Health
we know what it means but then do we
also have a larger sort of value about
health like could we all agree that
health is good for example okay and if I
say sickness we know what it means and
then we also have a sense or a feeling
that that's bad right so we want to find
these things that we can agree on health
is good sickness is bad and in this way
we can build more and more agreement
with people who disagree with us on in
some areas and that's common ground so
in order to think about common ground
and audience then we'll pay attention to
some of the uh writing from the course
that we've already looked at and then
look at some new writing and talk about
the audience in this writing so earlier
when um I did a video about um the
Tolman model of argument remember and we
talked about warrants uh that when you
have an argument you have the claim is
the thing that you believe and then the
support is the reason why you believe
that and the warrant is the the belief
that links those first two things
together um and we looked at this
article about Disney films John Evans
writing a long time ago in 1995 said he
thought Disney films are bad so that's
his claim Disney films are bad and then
he gave a lot of supports talking about
different movies to prove that Disney
films were bad and some of his warrants
the reasons why he thought they were bad
maybe we wouldn't agree with like for
example he said this movie is bad it
shows a Hindu religion so he just simply
believed that children shouldn't see
movies that have Hindu religion in them
and not everyone might agree with that
point But at the beginning of his essay
he doesn't do one thing that's useful is
he identifies his audience very clearly
so let's go back and we'll read the
beginning of that essay about Disney
movies and I think it'll be clear who is
the who are the people that he's writing
for many of today's over 30 adults who
grew up on a diet of Disney movies are
now responsible god-honoring parents
they want their children to experience
the same magic in films and videos that
they once
enjoyed okay so he's writing for people
who are interested in Disney movies he
says directly there are over 30
adults and they parents now so he's
writing to parents who are interested in
Disney movies who also are god-honoring
they believe in God so he's very
specific he's writing to parents who
like Disney movies are over 30 years old
they have children and they believe in
God that's who he's writing for okay now
let's take a look at some different
texts some historical ones that are
important uh in American literature or
influential on it this first person here
is Christopher Columbus we all know in
1492 he sailed West from uh Europe from
Spain and discovered the North American
continent for Europeans other people
already knew that North America was
there because people were living there
but Europe did not know about it and
Christopher Columbus discovered North
America for the Europeans uh he went
over with three ships and on the the way
back he wrote a letter the ships
probably looked something like this this
is an old map but it's not this many
ships he only had three because remember
he's going on this adventure and he's
not very sure where he's going but as
he's going back home to Europe he writes
a letter to somebody there let's read
what how the letter begins and we'll try
to imagine who is the audience of
Christopher Columbus here so this letter
was written at C on a ship at
Sea
sir as I know that you will be pleased
at the great Victory with which our Lord
has crowned my Voyage I write this to
you from which you will learn how in 33
days I passed from the Canary Islands to
the Indies with the fleet which the most
illustrious king and queen our
sovereigns gave to me and there I found
very many islands filled with people
innumerable and of them all I have taken
possession for their highnesses by
proclamation made and with a Royal
Standard unfurled and no opposition was
offered to
me okay so who do you think Columbus was
writing to he says sir so it's probably
a man a well respected
man this sir will be pleased so this is
someone who knows about Columbus's
journey and wants Columbus to
succeed this person also shares our Lord
they are both religious people they're
both
Christians and they also share the most
illustrious king and queen our
sovereigns so this actually Columbus is
writing to someone in a high position
underneath the king and queen who is
supporting this uh Mission that's an
economic one and a religious Mission as
well here is someone from um North
America Native American named pesaro and
in
1822 he wrote a letter about white
people coming into his territory so
after Columbus discovered North America
for the Europeans many Europeans started
going to North America they were
arriving in the East part of the United
States and the more and more people
arrived the more the the people in the
East pushed to the West more and more
they moved West toward California in the
direction of California and as they did
so they pushed out more and more Native
Americans and so by 1822 now pesaro is
being affected he's not in the East he's
in the middle part of the United States
and he writes this letter asking that
white men please stop coming into our
community and trying to influence us so
let's read it and we'll try to figure
out who is the audience of this letter
it is too soon my great father to send
those good men among us we are not
starving yet we wish you to permit us to
enjoy the chase until the game of our
country is exhausted until the wild
animals become extinct let us exhaust
our present resources before you make us
toil and interrupt our happiness let me
continue to live as I have done and
after I have passed to the good or evil
spirit from off the Wilderness of my
present life the subsistence of my
children may become so precarious as to
need and embrace the assistance of those
good
people okay so we see pesaro is writing
to someone he calls my great father and
he's saying please permit us and let us
so the great father can control pesaro
and permit or not permit let or not let
and also the great father will make them
toil and interrupt their
happiness pesaro says before you make us
toil and interrupt our
happiness let us continue to be hunters
and live the life that we've lived so
far pedar is writing this to the
president of the United States saying
please stop sending white men into our
community to try to change our culture
just allow me my generation to live the
way that we have been and I know my
children will not be able to do this
they must live your kind of life but
before you interrupt our happiness
please just allow my generation to Die
the way that we were
born here is another American Harriet
Jacobs who published a book in
1861 she was a slave when she was a girl
and she published a book about her
experiences as a slave let's read part
of that and we'll try to see who is she
writing
for oh you happy free women contrast
your New Year's Day with that of the
poor Bond woman with you it is a
pleasant season and the light of the day
is blessed friendly wishes meet you
everywhere and gifts are showered upon
you even hearts that have been estranged
from you soften at this season and lips
that have been silent excuse me lips
that have been silent Echo back I wish
you a happy New
Year children bring their little
offerings and raise their Rosy lips for
a caress they are your own and no hand
but that of death can take them from
you obviously we can see she's writing
to the Happy free women because she was
a slave woman she describes their life
in a very happy way friendly wishes meet
you everywhere and gifts are showered on
you also these women have children their
mothers so she's writing to free women
who are mothers children bring you their
little offerings and raise their Rosy
lips for a caress they are your own this
is for free women who are mothers and
Harry Jacobs writes the stories of women
and mothers who have trouble in
slavery now advertisements are also
forms of argument they basically claim
you should buy our thing or you should
like our thing and then they give
reasons why so here's an advertisement
for 1974 Chrysler you should buy this
car and the words and the pictures are
the support the reasons why so let's
read the advertisement and we'll try to
figure out who is the audience of this
one
satisfying there are those of you who
will always experience satisfaction in
knowing that you have made the right
choice of automobile for you there is
Chrysler the 1974 Chrysler is made to
satisfy your desire for car luxury with
graciously appointed Interiors of
spaciousness and comfort proud new lines
of grace and beauty engineering features
that show traditional Chrysler care
again in
1974 your desire for satisfaction has
made Chrysler Canada's leading luxury
car for nine consecutive years 1974
Chrysler you've always deserved this
much car Extra Care and Engineering it
makes a
difference okay so this is someone the
audience is someone who is full of
desire and they've been working hard
they want
satisfaction they've deserved a big car
and finally they've got enough money
that they can buy this and so this is
the thing that will satisfy their desire
it's people who are successful and they
want luxury and
comfort here's a a fairly direct and
easy one it doesn't say that you should
smoke cigarettes but it's about
cigarettes so let's just read this and
find the audience Virginia Slims you've
come a long way baby Slimmer than the
fat cigarettes men smoke and rightly
so well um the picture gives us a clue
that the audience is probably woman
women she's holding a cigarette it says
you've come a long way baby that word
baby is for women it's addressing the
women okay and it's saying you've come a
long
way that means you've made progress so
the audience is probably Progressive
women uh modern
women and then the other word say say
these cigarettes are Slimmer than the
fat cigarettes men smoke women don't
want fat cigarettes they want thin
cigarettes so the audience is probably
women who feel they're Progressive and
modern and they also want to be
thin got one more well two more this is
a very obvious one I
think Michelin because so much is riding
on your tires and so there's a baby
sitting beside the tire
you guess who it is probably the
audience's parents if you care about
your baby you want safety for your baby
and you want good
tires let's do one more quick one we'll
just read the words at the bottom of the
picture for men among men there is a
whiskey among whiskies Imperial man this
is
whiskey I think it's pretty obvious the
audience for this one is men it actually
says directly man this is whiskey so for
people who want they feel like they are
man or they want to feel like men this
is the advertisement and the product for
them all right so we've reviewed
audience a little bit and the reason
that we're talking about that is because
in the class we're going to be doing a
roarian argument first you'll introduce
your topic and then you will say your
audience's point of view the way that
they feel you'll be thinking about the
audience's thoughts and feelings Express
their View
respectfully and then go on to State
your own view in a normal way that we're
familiar with and finally at the end of
the essay we will try to seek Common
Ground between the two points of
view all right I'm going to stop here
because the video is already going a
little bit long uh until the next video
take care everybody
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