Artificial Intelligence | 60 Minutes Full Episodes

despite what you hear about artificial

intelligence machines still can't think

like a human but in the last few years

they have become capable of learning and

suddenly our devices have opened their

eyes and ears and cars have taken the

wheel today artificial intelligence is

not as good as you hope and not as bad

as you fear but humanity is accelerating

into a future that few can predict

that's why so many people are desperate

to meet Kaiu Lee the Oracle of

AI Kuli is in there somewhere in a

selfie scrum at a Beijing internet

conference his 50 million social media

followers want to be seen in the same

frame because of his talent for

engineering and genius for wealth I

wonder do you think people around the

world have any idea what's coming in

artificial intelligence I think most

people have no idea and many people have

the wrong idea but you do believe it's

going to change the world I believe it's

going to change the world more than

anything in the history of mankind more

than election

Lee believes the best place to be an AI

capitalist is communist China his

Beijing Venture Capital firm

manufactures billionaires these are the

entrepreneurs that we funded he's funded

140 AI startups we have about10 billion

companies here 101 billion companies

that you funded yes including a few 10

billion

companies in 2017 China attracted half

of all AI capital in the world one of

Lee's Investments is face Plus+ not

affiliated with Facebook its visual

recognition system smothered me to guess

my age it settled on 61 which was wrong

I wouldn't be 61 for

days on the street face Plus+ nailed

everything that moved it's a kind of

artificial intelligence that has been

made possible by three Innovations

super fast computer chips all the

world's data now available online and a

revolution in programming called Deep

learning computers used to be given

rigid instructions now they're

programmed to learn on their own in the

early days of AI people try to program

the AI with how people think so I would

write a program to say U measure the

size of the eyes and their distance

measure the size of the nose measure the

shape of the face and then if these

things match then this is Larry and

that's John but today you just take all

the pictures of Larry and John and you

tell the system go at it and you figure

out what separates Larry from

John let's say you want the computer to

be able to pick men out of a crowd and

describe their clothing will you simply

show the computer 10 million pictures of

men in various kinds of dress that

that's what they mean by Deep learning

it's not intelligence so much it's just

the brute force of data having 10

million examples to choose from so face

Plus+ tagged me as male short hair black

long sleeves black long pants it's wrong

about my gray suit and this is exactly

how it learns when Engineers discover

that error they'll show the computer a

million Gra suits and it won't make that

mistake again over a thousand classrooms

another recognition system we saw or saw

us is learning not just who you are but

how you feel now what are all the dots

on the screen the dots over our eyes and

our mouths sure the computer keeps track

all the feature points on the face son

fany Yang developed this for talal

Education Group which tutors 5 million

chines students let's look at what we're

seeing here now according to the

computer I'm confused which is generally

the case but when I laughed I was happy

exactly that's amazing the machine

notices concentration or distraction to

pick out for the teacher those students

who are struggling or

gifted it can tell when the child is

excited about math yes or the other

child is excited about poetry yes could

these AI systems pick out Geniuses from

the countryside that's possible in the

future it can also create a student

profile and know where the student got

stuck so the teacher can personalize the

areas in which the student needs help if

you do raise up your hand we found Kaiu

Lee's personal passion in this spare

Beijing Studio he's projecting top

teachers into China's poorest schools

this English teacher is connected to a

class 1,000 miles away in a village

called

defang many students in defang are

called Left behinds because their

parents left them with family when they

moved to the cities for

work most left behinds don't get past

9th grade topic we're going to learn

today Lee is counting on AI to deliver

for them the same opportunity he had

when he immigrated to the US from Taiwan

as a

boy when I arrived in Tennessee my

principal took every lunch to teach me

English and that is the kind of

attention that I've not been used to

Growing Up in Asia and I felt that the

American classrooms are smaller

encouraged individual thinking critical

thinking and I felt um it was the best

thing that ever happened to me what

about this and the best thing that ever

happened to most of the engineers we met

at Le's firm I went to K master degree

in information science they too are

alumni of America with a dream for China

you have written that silicon Valley's

Edge is not all it's cracked up to be

what do you mean by that well Silicon

Valley has been the single epicenter of

the world technology Innovation when it

comes to computers internet mobile and

AI but in the recent five years we are

seeing the Chinese AI is getting to be

almost as good as Silicon Valley Ai and

I think Silicon Valley is not quite

aware of it yet China's Advantage is in

the amount of data it collects the more

data the better the AI just like the

more you know the smarter you

are China has four times more people

than the United States and they are

doing nearly everything online I just

don't see any Chinese without a phone in

their head college student Monica Sun

showed us how more than a billion

Chinese are using their phones to buy

everything find anything and connect

with everyone in America when personal

information

leaks we have Congressional hearings not

in China you ever worry about the

information that's being collected about

you where you go what you buy who you're

with I I never think about it do you

think most Chinese worry about their

privacy um not that much not that

much with a plant public the leader of

the Communist party has made a national

priority of achieving AI dominance in 10

years this is where Kaiu Lee becomes

uncharacteristically shy even though

he's a former Apple Microsoft and Google

executive he knows who boss in China

president XI has called technology the

sharp weapon of the modern

State what does he mean by that I I am

not an expert in interpreting his

thoughts don't know there are those

particularly people in the west who

worry about this AI technology as being

something that governments will use to

control their people and to crush

dcent that as Aventure capitalists we

don't we don't invest in this area and

we're not studying deeply this

particular problem but governments do

it's certainly possible for governments

to use the Technologies just like

companies Lee is much more talkative

about another threat posed by AI he

explores the coming destruction of jobs

in a new book AI superpowers China

Silicon Valley and the New World Order

AI will increasingly replace repetitive

jobs not just for blue color work but a

lot of white color work what sort of

jobs would be lost to AI basically

chauffeur truck drivers uh anyone who

does driving for a living uh their jobs

will be disrupted more in the 50 15 to

20 year uh time frame and many jobs that

seem a little bit complex uh Chef waiter

uh a lot of things will become automated

we'll have automated stores uh automated

restaurants and uh Al together in 15

years that's going to uh displace uh

about 40% of jobs in the

world

40% of jobs in the world will be

displaced by technology ology uh I would

say displaceable what does that do to

the fabric of

society well in some sense there's the

human wisdom that always overcomes these

technology revolutions the invention of

the steam engine uh the sewing machine

the uh

electricity uh have all displaced jobs

uh and we've gotten over it the

challenge of AI is this 40% whether it's

15 or 25 years is coming faster than the

previous

revolutions there's a lot of hype about

artificial intelligence and it's

important to understand this is not

general intelligence like that of a

human this system can read faces and

grade papers but it has no idea why

these children are in this

room or what the goal of education is a

typical AI system can do one thing well

but can't adapt what it knows to any

other

task so for now it may be that calling

this

intelligence isn't very smart when will

we know that a machine can actually

think like a human back when I was a

grad students people said if machine can

drive a car uh by itself that's

intelligence now we say that's not

enough so the bar keeps moving higher I

think that's uh I guess more motivation

for us to work harder but if you're

talking about AGI artificial general

intelligence I would say not within the

next 30 Years and possibly never

possibly Never What's So

insurmountable CU I believe in the

sanctity of our soul I believe there's a

lot of things about us that we don't

understand I believe there's a lot of um

uh love and compassion that is not

explainable in terms of neural networks

and computational algorithms and I

currently see no way of solving them

obviously unsolved problems have been

solved in the past but it would be

irresponsible for me to predict that

these will be solved by certain time

frame we may just be more than our bits

we

may we may look on our time as the

moment civilization was transformed as

it was by fire Agriculture and

electricity in 2023 we learned that a

machine taught itself how to speak to

humans like a peer which is to say with

creativity truth error and lies the

technology known as a chatbot is only

one of the recent breakthroughs in

artificial intelligence machines that

can teach themselves superhuman skills

we explored what's coming next at Google

a leader in this new world CEO Sundar

Pai told us AI will be as good or as

evil as human nature allows the

revolution he says is coming faster than

you

know do you think Society is prepared

for what's coming you know there are two

ways I think about it on one hand

I feel no uh because you know the pace

at which we can think and adapt as

societal institutions compared to the

PACE at which the technology is evolving

there seems to be a

mismatch on the other hand compared to

any other technology I've seen more

people worried about it earlier in its

life cycle so I feel optimistic the

number of people you know who have

started worrying about the implications

and hence the conversations are starting

in a serious way as well I guess our

conversations with 50-year-old Sundar

Pai started at Google's new campus in

Mountain View California it runs on 40%

solar power and collects more water than

it uses Hightech that pachai couldn't

have imagined growing up in India with

no telephone at home we were on a

waiting list to get a rotary phone and

for about 5 years and it finally came

home I can still recall it vividly it

changed our lives to me it was the first

moment I understood the power of what

getting access to technology meant so

probably led me to be doing what I'm

doing

today what he's doing since 2019 is

leading both Google and its parent

company alphabet valued at $1.3

trillion worldwide Google runs 90% of

internet searches and 70% of smartphones

we're really excited about but its

dominance was attacked this past

February when Microsoft linked its

search engine to a chatbot in a race for

AI dominance Google just released its

chatbot named Bard it's really here to

help you brainstorm ideas to generate

content like a speech or a blog post or

an email we were introduced to Bard by

Google vice president sha and

senior Vice President James manika

here's Bard the first thing we learned

was that Bard does not look for answers

on the internet like Google search does

so I wanted to get inspiration from some

of the best speeches in the world Bard's

replies come from a self-contained

program that was mostly self-taught our

experience was unsettling confounding

absolutely confounding Bard appeared to

possess the sum of human

knowledge with microchips more than

100,000 times faster than the human

brain summarize the we asked Bard to

summarize the New Testament it did in 5

seconds and 17 words in Latin we asked

for it in Latin that took another 4

seconds then we played with a famous

six-word short story often attributed to

Hemingway for sale baby shoes news never

worn wow the only prompt we gave was

finish this

story in 5

seconds holy cow the shoes were a gift

from my wife but we never had a baby

they were from The six-word Prompt Bard

created a deeply human tale with

characters it invented including a man

whose wife could not conceive and a

stranger grieving after a miscarriage

and longing for

closure uh I am rarely

speechless I don't know what to make of

this give me we asked for the story in

verse in 5 seconds there was a poem

written by a machine with breathtaking

insight into the mystery of Faith Bard

wrote she knew her baby soul would

always be

alive the humanity at superhuman speed

was a shock how is this possible James

manika told us that over several months

Bard read most everything on the

internet and created a model of what

language looks like rather than search

its answers come from this language

model so for example if I said to you

Scott peanut butter and jelly right so

it tries and learns to predict okay so

peanut butter usually is followed by

jelly it tries to predict the most

probable next words based on everything

it's learned uh so it's not going out to

find stuff it's just predicting the next

word but it doesn't feel like that we

asked Bard why it helps people and it

replied quote because it makes me

happy B to my eye appears to be thinking

appears to be making

judgments that's not what's happening

these machines are not sensient they are

not aware of themselves they're not

sentient they're not aware of themselves

uh they can exhibit behaviors that look

like that because keep in mind they've

learned from us we are sentient beings

we have beings that have feelings

emotions ideas thoughts perspectives

we've reflected all that in books in

novels in fiction so when they learn

from that they build patterns from that

so it's no surprise to me that the

exhibited behavior sometimes looks like

maybe there's somebody behind it there's

nobody there these are not sensient

beings they're not Zimbabwe born Oxford

educated James manika holds a new

position at Google his job is to think

about how Ai and Humanity will best

coexist AI has a potential to change

many ways in which we've thought about

Society about what we're able to do the

the problems we can solve but AI itself

will pose its own problems could Heming

way write a better short story maybe but

Bard can write a million before

Hemingway could finish one imagine that

level of automation across the economy a

lot of people can be replaced by this

technology yes there are some job

occupations that will start to decline

over time there are also new job

categories that will grow over time but

the biggest change will be the jobs that

will be changed something like more than

2third will have their definitions

change not go away but change because

they're now being assisted by Ai and by

automation so this is a profound change

which has implications for skills how do

we assist people build new skills learn

to work alongside machines and how do

these complement what people do today

this is going to impact every product

across every company and and so that's

why I think it's a a very very profound

technology and so we are just in early

days every product in every company

that's right AI will impact everything

so for example you could be a

radiologist you know if I if you think

about 5 to 10 years from now you're

going to have a AI collabor with you it

may triage you come in the morning you

let's say you have 100 things to go

through it may say these are the most

serious cases you need to look at first

or when you're looking at something it

may pop up and say you may have missed

something important why wouldn't we you

know why would we take advantage of a

superpowered assistant to help you

across everything you do you may be a

student trying to learn math or history

and you know you will have something

helping you we asked Pai what jobs would

be disrupted he said knowledge workers

people like writers accountants

Architects and ironically software

Engineers AI writes computer code too

today Sundar pachai walks a narrow line

a few employees have quit some believing

that Google's AI rollout is too slow

others too fast there are some serious

flaws there's a return of inflation

James manika asked Bard about inflation

it wrote an instant essay in economics

and recommended five books but days

later we checked none of the books is

real Bard fabricated the titles this

very human trait error with confidence

is called in the industry

hallucination are you getting a lot of

hallucinations uh yes uh you know which

is expected no one in the in the field

has yet solved the hallucination

problems all models uh do have uh this

as an issue is it a solvable problem

it's a matter of intense debate I think

we'll make progress to help cure

hallucinations Bard features a Google it

button that leads to oldfashioned search

Google has also built safety filters in

debard to screen for things like hate

speech and bias how great a risk is the

spread of disinformation AI will

challenge that in a deeper way the scale

of this problem is going to be much

bigger bigger problems he says with fake

news and fake images it will be possible

with AI to create uh you know a video

easily where it could be Scott saying

something or me saying something and we

never said that and it could look

accurate but you know at a societal

scale you know can cause a lot of harm

is Bard safe for

society the way we have launched it

today uh as an experiment in a limited

way uh I think so but we all have to be

responsible in each step along the way

Pai told us he's being responsible by

holding back for more testing Advanced

versions of Bard that he says can reason

and connect to internet search you are

letting this out slowly so that Society

can get used to

it that's one part of it uh one part is

also so that we get the user feedback

and we can develop more robust safety

layers before we build before we deploy

more capable models interacting of the

AI issues we talked about the most

mysterious is called emergent property

some AI systems are teaching themselves

skills that they weren't expected to

have how this happens is not well

understood for example one Google AI

program adapted on its own after it was

prompted in the language of Bangladesh

which it was not trained to know we

discovered that with very few amounts of

prompting in Bengali he can now

Translate all of Bengali so now all of a

sudden we now have a research effort

where we're now trying to get to a

thousand languages there is an aspect of

this which we call all of us in the

field call it as a black box you know

you don't fully understand and you can't

quite tell why it said this or why it

got wrong we have some ideas and our

ability to understand this gets better

over time but that's where the state of

the art is you don't fully understand

how it works and yet you turned it loose

on society let me put it this way I

don't think we fully understand how a

human mind works either was it from that

black box we wondered that Bard Drew its

short story that seems so disarmingly

human it talked about the pain that

humans feel it talked about

Redemption how did it do all of those

things if it's just trying to figure out

what the next right word is me I've had

these experiences uh talking with b as

well there are two views of this you

know there are a set of people who view

this is look these are just algorithms

they're just repeating what it's seen

online then there is the view where

these algorithms are showing emerging

properties to be creative to reason to

plan and so on right and and personally

I think we need to be uh we need to

approach this with humility part of the

reason I think it's good that some of

these Technologies are getting out is so

that Society you know people like you

and others can process what's happening

and we begin this conversation and

debate and I think it's important to do

that when we come back we'll take you

inside Google's artificial intelligence

Labs where robots are

learning

the revolution in artificial

intelligence is the center of a debate

ranging from those who hope it will save

Humanity to those who predict Doom

Google lies somewhere in the optimistic

middle introducing AI in steps so

civilization can get used to it we saw

what's coming next in machine learning

at Google's AI lab in London a company

called Deep Mind where the future looks

something like

this look at that oh my goodness they've

got a pretty good kick on them can still

get quite a good good game a soccer

match at Deep Mind looks like fun in

games but here's the thing humans did

not program these robots to play they

learned the game by themselves it's

coming up with these interesting

different strategies different ways to

walk different ways to block and they're

doing it they're scoring over and over

again this robot here Rya hadel vice

president of research and Robotics

showed us how Engineers used motion

capture technology to teach the AI

program how to move like a human but on

the soccer pitch the robots were told

only that the object was to score the

self-learning program spent about 2

weeks testing different moves it

disgarded those that didn't work built

on those that did and created allars

there's another goal and with practice

they get better Hansel told us that

independent from the robots the AI

program plays thousands of games from

which it learns and invents its own

tactics here you think that red player

is going to grab it but instead it just

stops IT hands it back passes it back

and then goes for the goal and the AI

figured out how to do that on its own

that's right that's right and it takes a

while at first all the players just run

after the ball together like a gaggle of

uh you know six-year-olds the first time

they're they're they're playing ball

over time what we start to see is now ah

what's the strategy you go after the

ball I'm coming around this way or we

should pass or I should block while you

get to the goal so we see all of that

coordination um emerging in the

play this is a lot of fun but what are

the practical implications of what we're

seeing here this is the type of research

that can eventually lead to robots that

can come out of the factories and work

in other types of human environments you

know think about mining think about

dangerous construction work um or

exploration or Disaster Recovery these

are Rya hadel is among 1,000 humans at

Deep Mind the company was co-founded

just 12 years ago by CEO Deus hassabis

so if I think back to 2010 when we

started nobody was doing AI there was

nothing going on in Industry people used

to ey roll when we talked to them

investors about doing AI so we couldn't

we could barely get two cents together

to start off with which is crazy if you

think about now the billions being

invested into AI startups

Cambridge Harvard MIT havabus has

degrees in computer science and

Neuroscience his PhD is in human

imagination and imagine this when he was