Can AI Catch Criminals at Sea? | Dyhia Belhabib | TED
Summary
TLDR演讲者是一位科学家,专注于揭露和调查海洋犯罪行为。她讲述了自己在塞内加尔调查一艘涉嫌非法捕捞的西班牙船只的经历,并揭示了现代奴隶制或强迫劳动等问题。她强调了海洋犯罪对全球的影响,包括房地产价格上涨和药物危机。为了应对这些挑战,她和合作伙伴创建了Hava,一个强大的人工智能调查员,能够识别和追踪犯罪船只及其网络。她强调,尽管技术在打击犯罪方面发挥了重要作用,但人类的参与和创造性是必不可少的。
Takeaways
- 🌊 海洋犯罪行为多样,包括非法捕鱼、毒品走私、野生动物走私、恐怖主义和谋杀等。
- 🚢 非法捕鱼船只‘亚洲战士号’在塞内加尔的达喀尔港口被调查,该船曾逃脱泰国的监管。
- 👥 船上恶劣的生活条件和工作环境是现代奴隶制或强迫劳动的犯罪迹象。
- 📸 海洋犯罪往往在监管机构视线之外发生,难以被发现。
- 🏠 海洋犯罪活动对陆地社会产生影响,如温哥华的房地产价格上涨与海上毒品走私有关。
- 💰 毒品走私的资金通过购买房地产等方式进行洗钱,影响房价。
- 🇺🇸 美国的毒品危机和青少年死亡原因中,毒品过量位居首位。
- 🚢 每年有超过900万个装满毒品的集装箱抵达美国海岸和港口。
- 🔍 传统的执法手段如随机巡逻和情报使用对阻止毒品流动效果有限。
- 🤖 通过创建名为Hava的人工智能调查员,使用关键词组合和多语言进行犯罪侦查。
- 🌐 Hava能够在全球范围内识别和追踪高风险船舶,甚至在它们看起来无害时。
- 👮♂️ 技术在打击犯罪中发挥重要作用,但需要人类的参与和理解来填补空白,减少偏见。
Q & A
演讲者的职业是什么?
-演讲者是一名科学家,专门揭露、分析和调查海洋犯罪行为。
演讲者在调查哪艘船时发现了潜在的现代奴隶制迹象?
-演讲者在调查名为The Asian Warrior(西班牙名:THAICHAN)的船时,发现了潜在的现代奴隶制迹象。
演讲者提到的海洋犯罪有哪些类型?
-演讲者提到的海洋犯罪类型包括非法捕鱼、毒品贩卖、野生动物走私、恐怖主义和谋杀等。
为什么海洋犯罪很难被监管?
-海洋犯罪很难被监管,因为海洋覆盖了地球表面的三分之二,而且全球有近460万艘船只,但我们只能监控到大约2%的活动。这种缺乏可见性被犯罪分子利用,为他们提供了完美的掩护。
海洋犯罪对陆地社会有哪些影响?
-海洋犯罪对陆地社会的影响包括推动房地产价格上涨(如温哥华的洗钱问题)、加剧毒品危机(如美国青少年死亡的主要原因是药物过量)等。
演讲者是如何使用技术来打击犯罪的?
-演讲者和他的商业伙伴Sogol创建了一个名为Hava的强大人工智能调查员,它使用65万种关键词组合,在世界上最常说的23种语言中寻找犯罪线索。
Hava系统如何帮助打击犯罪?
-Hava系统首先在所有可用的数据库中在线查找犯罪信息,从简单的海岸警卫队新闻稿到国际刑警组织的通知,确定涉案人员,识别他们的位置、船舶路线、身份和犯罪网络。
演讲者提到了哪些与海洋犯罪有关的案例?
-演讲者提到了在塞内加尔的西班牙公司的非法捕鱼活动和劳动违规案件,以及在印度尼西亚被捕的Fu Yuan Yu 831号船只,该船只涉及多项指控并使用多个旗帜。
为什么我们需要从被动执法转向主动执法?
-我们需要从被动执法转向主动执法,因为这样可以更好地预防和打击犯罪。例如,我们可以为船舶、其所有者和操作者创建犯罪记录,并基于这些情报策划执法行动。
技术在打击犯罪中的作用是什么?
-技术在打击犯罪中的作用是节省时间和金钱,分享知识,建立桥梁,以实现保护我们的海洋、青少年和家园的共同目标。但技术需要人类的参与来填补空白,限制误解和偏见。
为什么在打击犯罪时,人类的创造性和技术进步必须携手并进?
-在打击犯罪时,人类的创造性和技术进步必须携手并进,因为我们看到的情况并不总是讲述整个故事。人类的创造性可以帮助我们理解背后的复杂情况,而技术进步则提供了强大的工具来分析和处理数据。
Outlines
🌊 海洋犯罪调查与现代奴隶制
本段落介绍了演讲者作为一名科学家,专注于揭露和调查海洋犯罪行为。尽管演讲者出生在内陆阿尔及利亚小村庄且不会游泳,但他在塞内加尔的达喀尔港调查了一艘名为The Asian Warrior的西班牙籍船只,该船因涉嫌非法捕鱼而被国际刑警组织关注。演讲者描述了船上恶劣的生活条件,如船员仅食用米饭、睡在没有床垫和毯子的房间里,以及船上的锈迹和死鱼,这些都是现代奴隶制或强迫劳动的迹象。演讲者提到,他记录了近50种不同类型的海洋犯罪,包括酒驾、非法捕鱼、毒品走私、野生动物走私、恐怖主义和谋杀等,这些犯罪大多在当局视线之外发生。
💰 海洋犯罪与全球影响
演讲者阐述了海洋犯罪对全球经济和社会的深远影响。他提到,海洋犯罪所得资金通过购买房地产洗钱,导致房价上涨,如温哥华的房地产市场就受到了中国黑帮的影响。此外,美国的毒品危机也是海洋犯罪的直接后果,毒品通过海陆空进入美国,每年有超过900万个装满毒品的集装箱抵达美国海岸。演讲者批评了当前的执法手段,如随机巡逻和情报使用,认为这些手段已经过时,而犯罪分子却在使用先进技术。
🚀 利用人工智能打击海洋犯罪
演讲者介绍了他和他的商业伙伴Sogol创建的人工智能调查员Hava,这个系统使用65万种关键词组合和23种最广泛使用的语言来打击犯罪。Hava通过在线数据库查找犯罪记录,确定涉案人员、位置、船只路线、身份和犯罪网络。为了构建这个系统,他们咨询了伦理学家以减少偏见,与执法部门讨论了执法空白,并与犯罪分子交谈以了解他们如何逃避法律。Hava采用关注潜在危险船只的方法,帮助诸如马达加斯加等国家拒绝有犯罪记录的中国船只的捕鱼许可,并揭露了西班牙公司的非法捕鱼和劳工犯罪行为。
🤝 技术和人类智慧的结合
演讲者强调,虽然技术在打击犯罪方面发挥了巨大作用,但人类的创造力和对复杂情况的理解同样重要。他提到,技术可以帮助我们发现问题,但要真正解决问题,还需要人类的参与。例如,在调查西班牙公司的案件时,技术可以提供船只的位置和身份信息,但还需要与渔民交谈,了解背后的政治背景。此外,演讲者提到了渔业劳工的悲惨境况,强调在打击犯罪时,我们需要记住可能存在的人口贩卖或强迫劳动的情况,这需要人类的方法和技术的结合来正确地定位和打击真正的罪犯。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡海洋犯罪
💡现代奴隶制
💡非法捕捞
💡毒品走私
💡资金洗钱
💡人工智能调查员
💡犯罪记录
💡高风险船只
💡网络犯罪
💡人道主义方法
💡技术与人类合作
Highlights
科学家通过研究海洋犯罪行为揭示了现代奴隶制或强迫劳动的存在。
海洋犯罪种类繁多,包括非法捕鱼、毒品走私、野生动物走私、恐怖主义和谋杀等。
海洋犯罪往往在当局视线之外发生,使得犯罪行为难以被发现和制止。
海洋犯罪对陆地社会产生巨大影响,例如温哥华的房地产价格上涨。
全球海洋毒品走私问题严重,美国青少年死亡的主要原因之一是药物过量。
传统的巡逻和情报使用在打击海洋犯罪方面效果有限。
犯罪分子利用先进技术进行犯罪活动,如使用自主潜艇和卫星电话。
通过创建船舶和船东的犯罪记录,可以基于情报策略性地执行执法。
Hava是一款强大的人工智能调查器,能够识别和打击犯罪分子。
Hava使用23种最广泛使用的语言中的650,000个关键词组合来在线查找犯罪。
通过与伦理学家、执法人员和犯罪分子的交流,建立了减少偏见的系统。
采用关注问题船舶的方法,可以提前识别和防范潜在的犯罪行为。
使用Hava的方法在2022年帮助马达加斯加拒绝了有犯罪记录的中国渔船的捕鱼许可。
Hava揭示了以前未知的犯罪网络,帮助打击复杂的所有权网络犯罪。
技术在解决海洋犯罪方面发挥了重要作用,但需要人类的参与来填补空白并限制偏见。
在打击非法捕鱼和逮捕船员时,需要记住他们可能是人口贩卖或强迫劳动的受害者。
人类创造力和技术进步必须携手并进,才能有效检测和阻止犯罪。
Transcripts
I am a scientist, and for a living,
I snitch on, profile and investigate ocean crime and its behavior,
which for someone who A, cannot swim --
I sink like a needle,
(Laughter)
and B, was born in a small landlocked Algerian village,
seems unlikely.
Yet here I was, a few years ago in the port of Dakar in Senegal,
to investigate a Spanish-owned vessel
under the name The Asian Warrior.
The vessel was on Interpol's radar for illegal fishing
and had escaped Thai custody
under the very Spanish name: THAICHAN.
The vessel was docked parallel to three other large ships
that I needed to cross to board it.
But on the first ship, I already noticed three crewmen
sitting on the floor, eating nothing but rice.
Behind them, their sleeping chamber with cardboard in lieu of mattresses,
no blankets, and with a ceiling about as high as a bunch.
I could see lots of rust
and dead fish piled up in gray water everywhere.
I have spent time on ships.
It gets cold at night,
and if you don't have proper sleep,
nutrition and clean water, you will not make it.
What I was seeing there were indicators of a crime
we call modern-day slavery or forced labor.
Over the years,
I've counted nearly 50 different types of ocean crimes like this one,
ranging from drunk driving or navigating
to illegal fishing,
drug trafficking, wildlife smuggling,
terrorism and murder.
And most of these crimes happen out of sight of any authorities.
You can literally take a selfie of yourself
shooting someone in the high seas without any fear.
This is a photo that I took from a video,
a widely circulated video,
that was showing people swimming in the ocean,
being shot at from a boat while trying to escape.
The only reason we know of its existence
is because the owner of the phone who took the selfie
forgot it in a cab in Fiji,
and the cab driver gave it to the authorities.
Oceans cover two thirds of the planet's surface.
There are nearly 4.6 million vessels out there, and of that,
we only have visibility into the activity of about two percent.
This lack of visibility is exploited by criminals
and provides perfect cover for their illicit operations.
These unseen activities, in turn,
have huge impacts on what happens in our own backyards, on land.
In Vancouver, where I live,
money laundering from maritime drug trafficking
has contributed immensely to increasing the cost of real estate.
How?
It's quite simple.
Here's a recipe.
Gains from drug trafficking have to be laundered somehow
to be injected into legit markets.
And one of the best ways of doing that is buying real estate
and inflating the price.
That's what the Chinese triads have done in the city,
by injecting over four billion dollars into our real estate.
But it's also happening in other places like Missouri and Kansas,
and places known for their luxurious lifestyle, such as Dubai.
And it's not just real estate.
Take the drug crisis in the United States, here in our own backyards here,
where drug overdose is the number one cause of youth death,
beating cancer and gun violence.
In fact, illicit drug users in the United States
spent 150 billion dollars on illicit drugs.
Drugs enter the country by land, by air and by sea.
Over 9.2 million shipping containers filled with narcotics
still reach American coast, beaches and ports
every single year.
From Mexico, yes,
but also from other places in the world far away,
like Myanmar in Southeast Asia and even Afghanistan.
Current efforts like random patrolling
or the opportunistic use of human intelligence
do little to stop the flood of narcotics.
We still use these outdated policing techniques --
no, it's not CSI -- and basic enforcement models,
while criminals are the ones who are actually using CSI.
They are adept in using technology to always be ahead.
The Spanish mafia uses autonomous submarines
to provide logistical support to drug traffickers.
Embargo-violating fuel smugglers in the Indian Ocean
will use sat phones to communicate their whereabouts to their clients.
Pirates.
It's quite ironic, because when I say I'm a crime fighter,
they say, "Do you chase pirates?"
Actually, pirates use satellite systems to detect vessels,
chase them down and capture them for ransom.
Intercepting drugs on transit before they can even reach our shores
could help curtail the health crisis in the US
and allow me to maybe one day, hopefully,
buy a house in Vancouver.
(Laughter)
And in order to do that,
we need to transition from reactive to proactive enforcement.
For example, we can create a criminal record for vessels,
their owners, their operators.
Yes, we still don't have that.
And strategize enforcement based on that intel.
So my business partner Sogol and I, created Hava,
a powerful artificial intelligence investigator
that uses 650,000 keyword combinations
in the 23 most spoken languages in the world
to do one single thing:
bust these criminals.
(Applause)
The program first looks for crimes online in all available databases,
ranging from simple press releases by coast guards to Interpol notices,
figures out who's involved,
identifies their location, ship routes, identities
and criminal networks.
To build the system or the tech,
we spoke to ethicists to reduce bias.
We consulted with law enforcement to understand the gaps.
We even, I was going to say partnered,
we spoke to criminals to --
(Laughter)
Learn how they can get away with crime.
If I wanted to be a criminal, I would be a really great one now.
(Laughter)
The whole idea is to adopt a vessel of concern approach.
It means we see it when a dangerous,
potentially criminal vessel is entering our waters,
or when a shady company wants to do business with us.
Right now we can see some of these ships,
what they're doing, where they're going.
But we don't know what's happening on these ships
or what they may be up to,
much like profiling a known person of interest --
now that's CSI --
or knowing when a dangerous,
potentially and repeat sex offender is back in town.
Hava gives us the ability to see, on a map, high-risk ships,
even when they look innocent on the surface.
Using this approach in 2022,
Madagascar refused fishing licenses to Chinese vessels with a criminal record.
A number of Spanish companies are now in murky waters,
no pun intended,
after their illegal fishing activities and labor offenses
were uncovered earlier this year in Senegal.
Hava also gives us information on networks
or criminal networks who did not have before.
And boy, we need them.
Take the vessel Fu Yuan Yu 831,
which was caught in Indonesia on multiple charges
and was flying multiple flags.
The owner of the vessel, who was a Chinese elected congressman,
did his best to cover his involvement
by creating a very complicated ownership network for the vessel.
The Fu Yuan Yu 831, which came all the way from China,
was apparently owned by a shell company based in Timor-Leste,
which in turn was partly owned by a Chinese state-owned company.
And that's when that congressman comes into play.
Convoluted, right?
But it's very common to use complicated networks to get away with crimes.
We have been navigating solutions to maritime crimes for decades now,
and they tend to be one-size-fits-all.
Stop eating fish to save the ocean.
Send more boats at sea to stop the flow of migrations.
Close down the borders and build walls to reduce drug trafficking.
Yeah, they won't work.
In fact,
maritime crimes such as illegal fishing and drug trafficking
have tripled in the past 10 years.
Over the 15 years that I've been doing this work
with agencies, fishermen, criminals and many others,
technology helps to tackle crime to save time, save money,
but also share knowledge and build bridges
to achieve the common goal of protecting our oceans,
our youth and our backyards.
But it only ever worked when people were fully involved in the process.
Technology is powerful,
but it lacks the nuanced understanding,
knowledge and networks stored in our individual human minds.
In the case of the investigation on the Spanish companies
operating in Senegal,
technology showed us where the vessels were,
at what speed they were operating,
their identities.
But we still needed to talk to fishermen
to understand the unspoken political context
in order for us to make sense of that.
Technology needs us to fill the gaps and to limit misrepresentations and bias.
In Thailand, interviews revealed that 25 percent,
that's a quarter,
of all fishing laborers were worked between 17 to 24 hours a day, nonstop.
So when we catch an illegal fishing vessel or when we see it,
and we are about to criminalize the crew and arrest them,
we always need to remember
that they may be in a situation of human trafficking
or forced labor.
We always need a human approach
to complement the technology to target the right criminals.
Because what we see does not tell the whole story.
To meaningfully detect crime and stop it,
human creativity and technological progress
have to always go hand in hand.
Thank you.
(Applause)
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)
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